Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Li, Jianlin; Du, Zhijia; Ruther, Rose E.; An, Seong Jin; David, Lamuel; Hays, Kevin A.; Wood, Marissa; Phillip, Nathan D.; Sheng, Yang; Mao, Chengyu; Kalnaus, Sergiy; Daniel, Claus; Wood, David L.

doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2404-9

Cited by 232 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…21 Electrodes were prepared by slot-die coating slurries onto foil current collectors (aluminum foil for the cathode and copper foil for the anode). The cathode slurry contained 90 wt% LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 powder (Targray, Lot #16028352), 5 wt% acetylene carbon black (Denka Black), and 5 wt% polyvinylidene difluoride (Solvay 5130) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting the Best Graphite for Long-Life, High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries

Mao

Wood

David

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Most lithium-ion batteries still rely on intercalation-type graphite materials for anodes, so it is important to consider their role in full cells for applications in electric vehicles. Here, we systematically evaluate the chemical and physical properties of six commerciallyavailable natural and synthetic graphites to establish which factors have the greatest impact on the cycling stability of full cells with nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. Electrochemical data and post-mortem characterization explain the origin of capacity fade. The NMC811 cathode shows large irreversible capacity loss and impedance growth, accounting for much of full cell degradation. However, six graphite anodes demonstrate significant differences with respect to structural change, surface area, impedance growth, and SEI chemistry, which impact overall capacity retention. We found long cycle life correlated most strongly with stable graphite crystallite size. In addition, graphites with lower surface area generally had higher coulombic efficiencies during formation cycles, which led to more stable long-term cycling. The best graphite screened here enables a capacity retention around 90% in full pouch cells over extensive long-term cycling compared to only 82% for cells with the lowest performing graphite. The results show that optimal graphite selection improves cycling stability of high energy lithium-ion cells. With the booming demands for electric vehicles and electronic devices, high energy density lithium-ion batteries with long cycle life are highly desired. Despite the recent progress in Si 1 and Li metal 2 as future anode materials, graphite still remains the active material of choice for the negative electrode. 3,4 Lithium ions can be intercalated into graphite sheets at various stages like Li x C 12 and Li x C 6 , providing a high specific capacity of 372 mAh/g (∼2.5 times higher than LiCoO 2 ) and high volumetric capacity (similar to LiCoO 2 ) corresponding to LiC 6 . 5,6 In addition to its low cost and non-toxicity, graphite has a lowest average voltage (150 mV vs. Li/Li + ) and the flat voltage profile, rendering a high overall cell voltage. 7 Graphite also displays a very low voltage hysteresis, which in turn results in high energy efficiency. 8 For applications in lithium-ion batteries, many properties of the graphite powders must be optimized including crystallinity, particle size, morphology, and surface chemistry. However, most research effort has been placed on the development and characterization of high performance cathodes, while the impact of the graphite anode on full cell performance has been largely unexplored.Compared to widely used battery cathodes such as LiCoO 2 (140 mAh/g), LiFePO 4 (160 mAh/g), LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (160 mAh/g), and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (175 mAh/g), 9-11 nickel-rich LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (NMC811) is delivers a higher specific capacity (180-220 mAh/g), which increases the battery life on a single charge. 12,13 The high capacity arises because Ni is the main red...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting the Best Graphite for Long-Life, High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries

Mao

Wood

David

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Moreover, the use of solvent coating techniques generates cracks in the electrode for high energy electrodes, which require high thicknesses. Reducing costs and increasing energy density and stability are the main barriers for widespread application of Li‐ion batteries . The battery energy density and lifetime depend on the active material stability and voltage but also on the electrode structure and porosity .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Li‐Ion Electrodes Prepared via a Solventless Melt Process

Astafyeva¹,

Dousset²,

Bureau³

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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High areal density and high energy Li‐ion electrodes were prepared using a high throughput green, solventless and inexpensive melt process leading to electrodes of controlled porosity. Melt formulations were developed for NCA cathodes and graphite anodes. The formulations were based on commercially available and inexpensive elastomeric or thermoplastic binders, conventional conducting fillers and >90 wt% electrode active materials. A large range of loadings could be achieved, from 4 to 40 mg cm−2 single side. Electrochemical performances in half cells (coin cells) are reported. High capacity and cyclability for high loadings of NCA cathodes and graphite anodes were demonstrated. Areal capacities over 5 mAh.cm−2 in coin cells were obtained at a C/5 rate. Cycling at high rates, up to 5 C was demonstrated.

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“…At the end of the charge, it is believed that the current in the polarization resistance reaches the steady state value I N . Thus, according to (16), the initial over-voltage during the final charging phase can be obtained, i.e., the state variables U 1,N = R 1,N (I N ) × I N At the initial stage of charging, the state variable of such a phase is U 1,1 = 0, because the voltage of polarization resistance is zero.…”

Section: Establishment Of Optimization Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [13] proposed a fast charging method for a lithium battery close to complete discharge. However, such a method can result in an overheated battery at the expense of battery life and requires a better solid electrolyte interface or unique electrode structures to mitigate any potential lithium plating [14][15][16]. References [17][18][19][20] involved the study of a pulse charging method, wherein the battery was stationary or discharged for a short period of time in order to slow down the polarization phenomenon during the charging process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimal Charging Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Shi

2017

Energies

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Abstract:In order to optimize the charging of lithium-ion batteries, a multi-stage charging method that considers the charging time and energy loss as optimization targets has been proposed in this paper. First, a dynamic model based on a first-order circuit has been established, and the model parameters have been identified. Second, on the basis of the established model, we treat the objective function of the optimization problem as a weighted sum of charging time and energy loss. Finally, a dynamic programming algorithm (DP) has been used to calculate the charging current of the objective function. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed charging method could effectively reduce the charging time and decrease the energy loss, compared with the constant-current constant-voltage charging method, under the premise of exerting little influence on the attenuation of battery capacity.

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Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 232 publications

References 155 publications

Selecting the Best Graphite for Long-Life, High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries

Selecting the Best Graphite for Long-Life, High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries

High Energy Li‐Ion Electrodes Prepared via a Solventless Melt Process

Multi-Objective Optimal Charging Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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