“…Examples of existing comparative governance network studies are those comparing the same policy sector in different countries (Brockhaus et al 2014), different policy sectors in the same country (Fischer and Sciarini 2016), a single policy sector over time (Ingold and Fischer 2014), or, as here, a single policy sector in different local contexts in the same country. Second, although empirical instances of horizontal governance networks have been observed in democratic countries in Western Europe and North America (Weible 2010, Berardo et al 2014, Lubell et al 2014, Scott 2015, Bodin and Nohrstedt 2016, Fischer and Sciarini 2016, less is known about governance networks in other, non-Western contexts (Fischer 2018, Ongaro et al 2018, Teets 2018. In the Vietnamese context of attempted decentralization and support for private initiatives (Wescott 2003, https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol24/iss3/art17/ Trung Ho et al 2012), it is interesting to see to what degree governance networks resemble network structures that we usually observe in established democratic countries.…”