Toward predicting gene flow in plant populations

Washitani, Izumi; Ishihama, Fumiko; Shimono, Ayako; Nishihiro, Jun

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.489

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…González‐Varo et al. (2010) accounted for a similar result by a reduction in pollinator diversity with increasing isolation, while Washitani et al. (2005) found lower pollinator visitation rates and relatively longer within‐plant foraging times in increasingly isolated patches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird‐pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia

Llorens¹,

Byrne²,

Yates³

et al. 2011

Molecular Ecology

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Habitat fragmentation can significantly affect mating and pollen dispersal patterns in plant populations, although the differential effects of the various aspects of fragmentation are poorly understood. In this study, we used eight microsatellite loci to investigate the effect of fragmentation on the mating system and pollen dispersal within one large and eight small population remnants of Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia, a bird-pollinated shrub in the southern agricultural region of Western Australia. The large population had a much larger neighbourhood size and lower selfing rate, maternal pollen pool differentiation and within-plot mean pollen dispersal distance than the small populations. Outcrossing was consistently high and ranged from 85.7% ± 2.6 to 98.5% ± 0.9, and mating patterns suggested nearest-neighbour pollination. Pollen immigration into small populations ranged from 2.8% ± 1.8 to 16.5% ± 3.2. Using the small populations, we tested for correlations between various fragmentation variables and mating system and pollen dispersal parameters. We found significant negative linear relationships between population isolation and outcrossing rate; population shape and neighbourhood size; and conspecific density and mean pollen dispersal distance. There were significant positive linear relationships between population shape and pollen pool differentiation and between population size and number of different fathers per seed crop. Our results suggest that birds may use a series of fragmented populations as a vegetation corridor while foraging across the landscape and that population connectivity is a critical determinant of pollinator visitation. Our results also suggest that the effect of a linear population shape on the mating system and pollen dispersal is routinely underestimated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…These effects have typically been related to small population size, greater isolation and reduced density (Raijmann et al. 1994; Kunin 1997; Groom 2001; Washitani et al. 2005; Yates et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird‐pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia

Llorens¹,

Byrne²,

Yates³

et al. 2011

Molecular Ecology

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“…High plant density within populations may result in increased pollinator movements among plants and may therefore lead to more plant visits and shorter pollen dispersal distances (Karron et al. 1995; Kunin 1997; Kwak, Velterop & van Andel 1998; Washitani et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

2009

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Summary1. Habitat fragmentation in agricultural landscapes has reduced the population sizes of many plant species while increasing their spatial isolation. Restoration or maintenance of the connectivity by gene flow between the fragmented patches may be determinant to sustaining viable populations, especially for insect-pollinated species. Functional biological corridors facilitating pollen flow between remnants in a human-dominated matrix might achieve this. 2. Dye dispersal was investigated for the extremely fragmented insect-pollinated herb Primula vulgaris, using fluorescent dye particles as pollen analogues, in a study site comprising 20 populations, of which 13 pairs were physically connected by a linear landscape elements (LLEs, ditches), and 11 pairs were not connected by an LLE. The dye deposition events were used to fit a model of pollen dispersal at the landscape level. We examined whether existing LLEs in the intensively used agricultural landscape act as functional corridors for pollen dispersal. The effects of LLE length and size and plant density of the recipient population on the dispersal patterns were tested. 3. Dye dispersal showed a leptokurtic decay distribution, with 80% of the dye transfers occurring at less than 85.1 m, and a maximal distance of 1010.8 m. The mean distance travelled by fluorescent dye particles based on the dye dispersal model was d = 87 m. 4. Dye dispersal between populations was found to be significantly higher when populations were connected by an LLE, than when populations were unconnected. For the group of population pairs connected by an LLE, dye deposition significantly decreased with the distance to dye source, but was not related to recipient population size and plant density. 5. Synthesis. Our study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that existing LLEs in an intensively used farmland may act as functional biological corridors facilitating pollen dispersal through pollinator movements. The maintenance or restoration of a network of populations connected by LLEs, but also by other landscape structures (e.g. population relays in vegetation patches and networks of small elements allowing indirect connections) should be strongly encouraged.

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“…In contrast with R. adoneus, evidence of segregation in flowering time of P. cuneifolia may imply limited effectiveness of seed dispersal. Although the distances that pollen and seed of P. cuneifolia are dispersed are unknown, the contemporary gene flow of another Primula species, P. sieboldii, has been reported (Ishihama et al, 2003;Washitani et al, 2005); mean and maximum distances for pollen dispersal from an experimental population were 7.2 and 89 m, respectively, and seeds were dispersed c. 10 cm from the maternal plants. The range of the effective neighborhood estimated in P. sieboldii largely corresponds to the fine-scale genetic structure of P. cuneifolia, in which significant positive autocorrelations occurred within 10 m. Efficient gene flow through the pollination process should reflect the foraging range and pollination efficiency of bumblebees.…”

Section: As Hirao and G Kudomentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of segregation of flowering time on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in an alpine-snowbed herb Primula cuneifolia

Hirao

Kudo

2008

Heredity

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The flowering phenology of alpine-snowbed plants varies widely depending on the time of snowmelt. This variation may cause spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollen dispersal, which in turn may influence genetic structure. We used spatial autocorrelation analyses to evaluate relative effect of segregation in flowering time and physical distance on fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of a snowbed herb Primula cuneifolia sampled in 10-m grids within a continuous snow patch (110 Â 250 m) using nine allozyme loci. Although the individual flower lasts for p10 days, flowering season varied over 50 days from late June to the middle of August within the plot. The effect of flowering phenology on SGS was assessed using spatial autocorrelation analyses based on the pairwise kinship coefficients for all sampled plants (control pairs), plants with flowering overlap (co-flowering pairs) and plants with separate flowering season (non-coflowering pairs). The degree of SGS increased as the extent of flowering segregation increased: co-flowering pairs o control pairs o non-co-flowering pairs, indicating substantial effect of restriction in gene flow due to phenological heterogeneity. Flowering segregation caused by snowmelt timing is a critical factor for reinforcing the fine-scale SGS in this species.

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Toward predicting gene flow in plant populations

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird‐pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia

Evaluating the influence of different aspects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen dispersal in the bird‐pollinated Banksia sphaerocarpa var. caesia

Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

The effect of segregation of flowering time on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in an alpine-snowbed herb Primula cuneifolia

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