Toward rational design of hierarchical beta zeolites: An overview and beyond

Abstract

The ever‐growing need to increase the efficiency of crude oil refining raises the prospects for utilizing advanced catalytic materials to supply increasing global demands for fine chemicals and petrochemicals. Zeolites have been used as indispensable catalysts in many commercial refining processes. Among them, zeolite beta is one of the most widely produced zeolite materials with industrial significance due to its large micropores and three‐dimensional pore structures. This article discusses recent progress on hierarchical beta zeolites from various synthetic strategies. Using zeolite beta as a representative case, we provide an overview on key aspects that are applicable to different zeolites via a variety of topics, such as selection of different template materials, tailoring of mesopore sizes by base leaching, organotemplate‐free synthesis of hierarchical zeolites, and selective desilication. This article concludes with a perspective on the design of scalable hierarchical zeolites that are more relevant as industrial catalysts in commercial processes.

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Porous Silica Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts of C−C Coupling and Cross‐Coupling Reactions

“…There is only a single example for the application of a BEA‐type zeolite in palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions, although it has been widely employed in industrial processes [40] . Okumura and Iiyoshi used a commercial BEA preparation with a Si/Al 2 ratio of 100 [41] .…”

“…There is only a single example for the application of a BEAtype zeolite in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, although it has been widely employed in industrial processes. [40] Okumura and Iiyoshi used a commercial BEA preparation with a Si/Al 2 ratio of 100. [41] It was treated with various palladium complexes [Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 (OAc) 2 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , Pd(NCPh) 2 Cl 2 ; toluene, 110 °C, 2 h].…”

High accessibility to active sites of hierarchical nanocrystalline Zr-β zeolite in ethanol–acetaldehyde conversion to 1,3-butadiene

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Two strategies have been developed for preparing hierarchical zeolites, including bottom-up synthesis with hard and soft templates and topdown base leaching. 16,17 Likewise, hierarchical β zeolite has already been developed via base-leaching and dualtemplating synthesis in our previous studies, with improved textural properties and therefore high catalytic performances for ETB. 9,18,19 However, the secondary porosity comes at the cost of microporosity, which may have negative effects.…”

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx over micro-/meso-/macroporous Cu-SAPO-34

“…, for beta zeolites). 21 Treatment with aqueous Na 2 H 2 EDTA is commonly used to remove extra-framework Al from steamed USY zeolites. 22…”

“…Treatment in aqueous solution of DEA is frequently reported to provide zeolites with well-preserved crystallinity and microporosity with larger mesopore sizes (e.g., for beta zeolites). 21 Treatment with aqueous Na 2 H 2 EDTA is commonly used to remove extraframework Al from steamed USY zeolites. 22 In the present study, SAPO-34 was exposed to a postsynthetic treatment in aqueous solutions of DEA and Na 2 H 2 EDTA.…”