Urban water utilities worldwide face supply reliability and financial stability challenges stemming from climate change and growing water demands (Farmani & Sweetapple, 2022;Pörtner et al., 2022), which are aggravated by the additional challenge of aging infrastructure. In the United States (U.S.), an estimated $434 billion of investment in maintaining and development water supply infrastructure is required by 2029 (ASCE, 2021). The 2022 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allocates over $55 billion of federal funding for drinking water infrastructure (DeFazio, 2021), but the remaining investment burden will be borne by local governments (Smull et al., 2022). The provision of drinking water in the U.S. is thus dominantly a local issue-balancing the reliable