2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.012
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Toward standardization of sample collection and preservation for the quality of results in biomonitoring with trees – A critical review

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Cited by 25 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 98 publications
(112 reference statements)
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“…e variability was attributed to a combination of differences in accumulation pathways, soil type, subsoil geology, proximity to local contamination sources, sampling period, and weather preceding sampling occasion [21][22][23]. Given such a large number of confounding factors may contribute to the isotopic composition of environments samples, it was concluded that while foliage samples may provide highly spatially and temporally resolved snapshots of elemental and isotopic interactions, a better understanding of the individual variables within the system is needed to understand the observed isotopic variability in bioindicators.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e variability was attributed to a combination of differences in accumulation pathways, soil type, subsoil geology, proximity to local contamination sources, sampling period, and weather preceding sampling occasion [21][22][23]. Given such a large number of confounding factors may contribute to the isotopic composition of environments samples, it was concluded that while foliage samples may provide highly spatially and temporally resolved snapshots of elemental and isotopic interactions, a better understanding of the individual variables within the system is needed to understand the observed isotopic variability in bioindicators.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was done as tree leaves are commonly used for bio monitoring and it is a reliable indicator of environmental pollution to monitor a wide range of heavy metals in soils, air and water as suggested by Tarricone et al (2015). 23 Leaves samples were carefully rinsed with tap water and then with deionized water. The leaves collected from two locations were air dried in shade at room temperature and powdered with a grinding machine.…”
Section: Plant Leaf Sampling and Pretreatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, their one great advantage is that they are long-lived, so that a repetition of the investigation is possible after a few decades, as was conducted by Ballach and Wittig [ 96 ]. Thus, trees can be sampled systematically with standardized sampling and analytical techniques for comparative monitoring of the time-trend distribution of trace elements [ 97 ]. In addition, trees are usually easier to identify than lower plants [ 98 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%