Toward the Decarbonization of the Steel Sector: Development of an Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Hyperspectral Imaging at Fully Automated Scrap Characterization for Material Upgrading Operations

Abstract

Due to decarbonization commitment made by steelmaking companies, the steel industry is tackling a technological transition from blast furnace (BF)–basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route to direct reduction iron (DRI)–electric arc furnace (EAF) route. Under this scenario, ferrous scrap becomes a critical factor for reaching CO2 reduction challenge. However, ferrous scrap can be considered one of the most complex industrial raw materials. In addition, scrap presents a huge heterogeneity in both physical and chemical characteristics. However, for producing high‐quality steel products, certainty on scrap specifics is required. Herein, an artificial intelligent model based on spectral information for the segmentation of different materials contained in the ferrous scrap is proposed. Developed solution offers a processing pipeline through a 2D–3D convolutional neural network algorithm based on a dataset with more than 428 million of pixels through hyperspectral cameras in the 400–1700 nm range. By this model, the detection of ferric fraction, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc, copper, sterile, and rubber and plastic materials are assessed. This work aims at increasing the reliability of the steelmaking process by lowering the number of steel quality noncompliance rejection due to lack of knowledge and uncertainties of these raw material compositions.

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

“…This is attributed to its use of hydrogen as a reducing agent, replacing carbon-intensive fossil fuels and reducing CO 2 emissions by 95-100% [1,5]. This process offers an opportunity to incorporate renewable energy into the production of green hydrogen, aligning with the demand for sustainable products in the market [6].…”

Decarbonization Pathways, Strategies, and Use Cases to Achieve Net-Zero CO2 Emissions in the Steelmaking Industry

“…Quality assessment techniques for scrap, such as spectroscopic analysis, enable the determination of the chemical composition and the impurity levels. Accurate assessment of the scrap quality helps optimize steelmaking processes, maintain product quality, and reduce rejections and waste [58,62,63,[66][67][68][69]. …”