“…However, this authentication method exhibits some severe security threats, such as password reuse on different services, easily guessable passwords, leaking passwords, or even entire password databases leaking from badly implemented online systems. State-of-practice multifactor authentication [1] combines inherence, possession, and knowledge factors, that is, something the user is, has, and knows, leveraging hardware tokens, smart cards or biometric devices [2] to strengthen authentication, but such solutions are often perceived as cumbersome or too expensive to roll out to users.…”