Toward the New Role of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas in the Arctic: The Russian Case

Спиридонов, В. А.; Gavrilo, Maria; Krasnov, Yu. V.; Makarov, A. A.; Nikolaeva, Natalia; Sergienko, L.; Попов, А. В.; Krasnova, E. D.

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54006-9_8

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The existing set of federal specially protected areas in the Russian Arctic seas was shaped by the history of their development, while long‐term planning and analysis of the challenges of preserving marine biological diversity played little significant role in their formation (Spiridonov et al, ). However, more than 80% of existing protected areas were selected on the basis of MARXAN analysis.…”

Section: The Proposed Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should also be noted that in recent years a number of large protected areas were established around the protected areas on the Franz Josef Land and Wrangel Island which significantly increased the size of area under protection (Spiridonov et al, ). However, the present study shows that a large marine area containing numerous important CFs as well as a number of biogeographical regions in the Russian Arctic remains outside the federal system of protected areas and according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation the existing plans to establish new PAs in the region do not address these concerns.…”

Section: The Proposed Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is based on industries regulations that are introduced alongside measures to protect or manage particular species or stocks (Roff & Zacharias, ). The other centres on area‐based conservation measures and is widely regarded as effective (Roff & Zacharias, ; Spiridonov et al, ). In the Russian Arctic the latter remains less common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region has seven Strictly Protected Natural Reserves, or zapovedniks (IUCN Ia), three National Parks (IUCN II), four Preserves (IUCN I V /VI), one Natural Monument (IUCN III) and 41 Regional Protected Areas (IUCN Ib), but their primary purpose is to protect terrestrial ecosystems; coastal waters are treated as secondary, though an integral part of the protected areas (PAs) (PAME, ). The total size of all PAs is just about 2.4% of the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Arctic (Spiridonov et al, ). Those PAs were established at different times separately and on an ad hoc basis, and therefore it is uncertain whether or not these constitute a network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those PAs were established at different times separately and on an ad hoc basis, and therefore it is uncertain whether or not these constitute a network. Their effectiveness in terms of the comprehensive protection of the ecosystems of the Russian Arctic seas was not measured and assessed (Spiridonov et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying a network of priority areas for conservation in the Arctic seas: Practical lessons from Russia

Solov’yev

Спиридонов

Onufrenya³

et al. 2017

Aquatic Conservation

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Abstract1. The natural environment of the Arctic is changing rapidly owing to climate change. At the same time in many countries including Russia the region is attracting growing attention of decisionmakers and business communities. In light of the above it is necessary to protect the biodiversity of the regional marine ecosystems in the most effective way possible, namely by establishing a network of marine protected areas.2. Identifying conservation priority areas is a key step towards this goal. To achieve it, a study based on a systematic conservation planning approach was conducted. An expanded group of experts used the MARXAN algorithm to produce initial results, then discussed and refined them to select 47 conservation priority areas in the Russian Arctic seas.3. The resulting network covers nearly 25% of the Russian Arctic seas, which guarantees proportional representation of their biodiversity as well as achieving connectivity, sustainability and naturalness. This was largely made possible by the selected methodology, based on the MARXAN decision support tool supplemented by extensive post-analysis that helped fill any gaps inevitable in the formal approach.4. Although available data were sparse, and of varying quality and a single regionalization scheme could not be used (as is often the case for such areas), the selected approach has proven successful for such a large area that covers both the coastal zone and parts of the High Seas. Such an approach could be used further to identify marine protected areas throughout the Arctic Ocean. Kudersky, 2004;Pavlov & Sundet, 2011;Spiridonov & Zalota, 2017) and sea ice habitat loss (Amstrup, Marcot, & Douglas, 2008;Moore & Huntington, 2008). Perhaps equally important, these changes lead to greater human presence in the region (Huettmann, 2012;Jørgensen et al., 2016;Wenzel et al., 2016). This could take many forms from increased oil and gas exploration and production, intensified shipping, fishing, aquaculture and tourism as well as greater military presence.In recent years serious efforts to protect marine biodiversity have been undertaken worldwide and the Russian Arctic seas are no exception. The Arctic is receiving growing attention in Russia as politicians, investors, media and the general public are pushing for a comeback after the country's withdrawal from the region in the 1990s. There are two approaches to conservation that prevail in the world today. One is based on industries regulations that are introduced alongside measures to protect or manage particular species or stocks (Roff & Zacharias, 2011). The other centres on areabased conservation measures and is widely regarded as effective (Roff & Zacharias, 2011;Spiridonov et al., 2012). In the Russian Arctic the latter remains less common. The region has seven Strictly Protected Natural Reserves, or zapovedniks (IUCN Ia), three National Parks (IUCN II), four Preserves (IUCN IV/VI), one Natural Monument (IUCN III) and 41 Regional Protected Areas (IUCN Ib), but their primary purpose is to protect terr...

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Section: The Proposed Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Proposed Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%