Toward the potential cure of leukemias in the next decade

Kantarjian, Hagop M.; Keating, Michael J.; Freireich, Emil J.

doi:10.1002/cncr.31669

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(276 reference statements)

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“…The clinical relevance of each gene included in all four panels is represented in Fig 2. The figure shows that ABL1, CALR, MPL, JAK2 and SF3B1 genes have diagnostic value, as described in several studies [2][18] [37]. Similarly, ABL1, CALR, JAK2, KIT, FLT3, IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations have FDA-approved treatments [56] [57]. Patients harboring mutations in TET2 and DNMT3A genes have been shown to present better response to hypomethylating agents [58] [59]; DNMT3 mutated patients could also benefit from daunorubicin induction therapy [60].…”

Section: Common Sequencing Errors Detected In the Ngs Panelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Assessment of the clinical utility of four NGS panels in myeloid malignancies. Suggestions for NGS panel choice or design

et al. 2020

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The diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms (MN) has significantly evolved through the last few decades. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is gradually becoming an essential tool to help clinicians with disease management. To this end, most specialized genetic laboratories have implemented NGS panels targeting a number of different genes relevant to MN. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the performance of four different targeted NGS gene panels based on their technical features and clinical utility. A total of 32 patient bone marrow samples were accrued and sequenced with 3 commercially available panels and 1 custom panel. Variants were classified by two geneticists based on their clinical relevance in MN. There was a difference in panel's depth of coverage. We found 11 discordant clinically relevant variants between panels, with a trend to miss long insertions. Our data show that there is a high risk of finding different mutations depending on the panel of choice, due both to the panel design and the data analysis method. Of note, CEBPA, CALR and FLT3 genes, remains challenging the use of NGS for diagnosis of MN in compliance with current guidelines. Therefore, conventional molecular testing might need to be kept in place for the correct diagnosis of MN for now. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Aguilera-Diaz A, Vazquez I, Ariceta B, Mañú A, Blasco-Iturri Z, Palomino-Echeverría S, et al. (2020) Assessment of the clinical utility of four NGS panels in myeloid malignancies. Suggestions for NGS panel choice or design. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227986. https://doi.org/10.

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Section: Common Sequencing Errors Detected In the Ngs Panelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Assessment of the clinical utility of four NGS panels in myeloid malignancies. Suggestions for NGS panel choice or design

et al. 2020

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“…Improved remission rates of 90% to 100% for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia over the past 4 decades have been achieved primarily through the optimization of established chemotherapeutic agents as opposed to the development of new therapies. 103 The 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers combined improved from 58% during the mid-1970s to 83% during 2008 through 2014 for children and from 68% to 85% for adolescents. 10 However, survival varies substantially by cancer type and age at diagnosis (Table 14).…”

Section: Cancer In Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics, 2019

Siegel

Miller

Jemal

2019

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

19,266

14,083

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Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006‐2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007‐2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2‐fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012‐2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.

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“…Despite the prior efforts, the 5-year survival rates of leukemia are not high, especially among high-risk patients and in developing countries [28][29][30]. Indeed, the discovery of the activity of interferon α in 1983, and the later addition of homoharringtonine (now known as omacetaxine and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CML in 2012) and low-dose cytarabine resulted in a complete cytogenetic response rate (0% Ph-positive metaphases) of 20-30% and an improvement of the median survival to 6-7 years [31]. In standard medical and oncology textbooks, CLL is considered incurable [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In childhood ALL, the optimization of chemotherapy regimens over four decades, using mostly the same agents in improved combinations, has resulted in CR rates of 90-100% and potential cure rates of 80% or more. However, in adult ALL, the pediatric regimens have been modified over time to resemble the adult AML treatments, with a shorter duration of maintenance chemotherapy (long maintenance likely is responsible for an increased cure rate of 10-15%) and truncated classical postinduction consolidation in favor of early autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation [31]. These strategies have proven to be less successful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukemia incidence trends at the global, regional, and national level between 1990 and 2017

Dong¹,

Shi

Zeng³

et al. 2020

Exp Hematol Oncol

201

133

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Background: Leukemias are a group of life-threatening malignant disorders of the blood and bone marrow. The incidence of leukemia varies by pathological types and among different populations. Methods: We retrieved the incidence data for leukemia by sex, age, location, calendar year, and type from the Global Burden of Disease online database. The estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the trends of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leukemia from 1990 to 2017. Results: Globally, while the number of newly diagnosed leukemia cases increased from 354.5 thousand in 1990 to 518.5 thousand in 2017, the ASIR decreased by 0.43% per year. The number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases worldwide increased from 49.1 thousand in 1990 to 64.2 thousand in 2017, whereas the ASIR experienced a decrease (EAPC = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.15, − 0.02). Between 1990 and 2017, there were 55, 29, and 111 countries or territories that experienced a significant increase, remained stable, and experienced a significant decrease in ASIR of ALL, respectively. The case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has increased more than twice between 1990 and 2017. The ASIR of CLL increased by 0.46% per year from 1990 to 2017. More than 85% of all countries saw an increase in ASIR of CLL. In 1990, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounted for 18.0% of the total leukemia cases worldwide. This proportion increased to 23.1% in 2017. The ASIR of AML increased from 1.35/100,000 to 1.54/100,000, with an EAPC of 0.56 (95% CI 0.49, 0.62). A total of 127 countries or territories experienced a significant increase in the ASIR of AML. The number of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases increased from 31.8 thousand in 1990 to 34.2 thousand in 2017. The ASIR of CML decreased from 0.75/100,000 to 0.43/100,000. A total of 141 countries or territories saw a decrease in ASIR of CML. Conclusions: A significant decrease in leukemia incidence was observed between 1990 and 2017. However, in the same period, the incidence rates of AML and CLL significantly increased in most countries, suggesting that both types of leukemia might become a major global public health concern.

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Toward the potential cure of leukemias in the next decade

Cited by 47 publications

References 173 publications

Assessment of the clinical utility of four NGS panels in myeloid malignancies. Suggestions for NGS panel choice or design

Assessment of the clinical utility of four NGS panels in myeloid malignancies. Suggestions for NGS panel choice or design

Cancer statistics, 2019

Leukemia incidence trends at the global, regional, and national level between 1990 and 2017

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