Toward the quantification of vocal efficiency

Howard, David M.; Lindsey, Geoff; Allen, B. D.

doi:10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80015-3

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The major drawback of such methods is the lack of accuracy for the GCI detection and a missing of GOI. DEGG maximum and minimum detection method A more precise method for GCI detection uses the DEGG signal [12]. Childers characterises the EGG inflexion points by the DEGG [13], [14].…”

Section: Gci and Goi Detection Methods And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product

Bouzid¹,

Ellouze²

2008

INT J COMPUT COMMUN

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This paper deals with glottal parameter estimation such as local pitch and open quotient from electroglottographic signal (EGG). This estimation is based on glottal closing instants and glottal opening instants determined by a multi-scale product of this signal. Wavelet transform of EGG signal is made with a quadratic spline function. Wavelet coefficients calculated on different dyadic scales, show modulus maxima at localized discontinuities of EGG signal. The detected maxima and minima correspond to the glottal opening and closing instants called GOIs and GCIs. To improve the estimate precision, we operate the multi-scale product of wavelet transform coefficients of three successive dyadic scales. This processing enhances edge detection. A Multi-scale product is a nonlinear combination of successive scales; it reduces noise and spurious peaks. We apply cubic root amplitude on the product to improve the representation of weak amplitudes. The method has a good representation of GCI and a best detection of GOI. The method was tested on the Keele University database; it is effective and robust in multiple cases even for a typical signal showing undetermined GOIs and multiple peaks at GCIs. Finally precise measurement of these instants allows accurate estimation of prosodic parameters as local pitch and open quotient.

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Section: Gci and Goi Detection Methods And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product

Bouzid¹,

Ellouze²

2008

INT J COMPUT COMMUN

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“…In Fig. 1, a threshold of 3 / 7 was applied as recommended by Howard et al ͑1990͒ andHenrich et al ͑2004͒. This difficulty comes about because mucous bridging and vertical phase differences between the lower and upper edges of the vocal folds often make the instance of glottal opening undetectable ͑see Sapienza et al, 1998;Childers et al, 1990;Colton and Conture, 1990͒.…”

Section: B Laryngeal Reflexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…͑1͒ For calculating the OQ, the 3 / 7 threshold was used as the instant of glottal opening ͑as suggested by Howard et al, 1990͒ as well as the peak in the first derivative as the instant of glottal closing ͑see Fig. 4, left͒.…”

Section: B Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic and laryngographic measures of the laryngeal reflexes of linguistic prominence and vocal effort in German

Mooshammer

2010

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study uses acoustic and physiological measures to compare laryngeal reflexes of global changes in vocal effort to the effects of modulating such aspects of linguistic prominence as sentence accent, induced by focus variation, and word stress. Seven speakers were recorded by using a laryngograph. The laryngographic pulses were preprocessed to normalize time and amplitude. The laryngographic pulse shape was quantified using open and skewness quotients and also by applying a functional version of the principal component analysis. Acoustic measures included the acoustic open quotient and spectral balance in the vowel /e/ during the test syllable. The open quotient and the laryngographic pulse shape indicated a significantly shorter open phase for loud speech than for soft speech. Similar results were found for lexical stress, suggesting that lexical stress and loud speech are produced with a similar voice source mechanism. Stressed syllables were distinguished from unstressed syllables by their open phase and pulse shape, even in the absence of sentence accent. Evidence for laryngeal involvement in signaling focus, independent of fundamental frequency changes, was not as consistent across speakers. Acoustic results on various spectral balance measures were generally much less consistent compared to results from laryngographic data.

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“…With regards specifically to adult males, Howard et al (1990a) recorded and analysed 18 subjects whose vocal training ranged from no formal training to a high level of professional training. He found that the level of CQ was in direct proportion to the level of training of the subject.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Closed Quotient and Vocal Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time visual displays for voice tuition

Rossiter¹

1996

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The human voice is used regularly in day-to-day activity, particularly by teachers, politicians and singers. This can place a level of strain on their vocal mechanism. To counter this, professional voice users may undergo some form of vocal tuition. However, there is a prevalence of subjective, sometimes ambiguous tuition techniques.Vocal damage can therefore occur in spite of, or partially because of, the tuition techniques that are supposed to help the subject.It is hypothesised that a computer system which can a) objectively measure a large set of parameters relating to vocal performance, b) appropriately translate these parameters to a smaller set of easily interpreted measures, and c) dynamically display this information in an appropriate graphical form may be able to provide a measure of progress to complement instructive techniques during vocal tuition.A highly flexible, easy-to-use tool for the analysis and visualization of voice source and acoustic signals has been developed called ALBERT (Acoustic and Laryngeal Biofeedback Enhancement in Real-Time). The system can be used to provide real-time feedback on the state of a number of voice parameters. The visualization of these parameters is highly configurable, and includes 1D, 2D and 3D arrangements with optional colour mapping. ALBERT is novel in its ability to display many popular laryngeal and acoustic parameters in many informative graphical configurations. The system can be used in real-time to function as a tool for use by a voice tutor.To test the hypothesis, three studies are presented of vocally developing male and female subjects as follows: i) a six week course of vocal expression, ii) a group of actors over an eight month period, and iii) a group of singers over a time span of 2.7 years. Two voice parameters in particular have been identified as indicative of vocal performance: the closed quotient of the vocal folds (CQ) and the spectral amplitude in the frequency band within which the phenomenon of the 'singer's formant' is known to occur relative to the spectral amplitude of the complete acoustic output (Ratio). ALBERT has been used as a tool to provide real-time visual feedback of these parameters in the context of singing tuition. Results suggest that ALBERT is a tool with considerable potential for use in a voice tuition process. 2.4 General arrangement of the vocal organs (From Crystal, 1987) .. 11 2.5 Physiology of the human head (From Sataloff, 1992 2.10 Vocal tract profiles for two vowels. The shape is determined by the lip and jaw openings, the tongue shape, the velum, and the larynx.(After Fant, 1960;in Sundberg, 1987) ................ 262.11 The pattern of vocal fold movement (From Sundberg, 1987) .... 272.12 Idealised glottal area, flow and spectrum (After Pickett, 1991) ... 292.13 Spectra of simple waveforms (From Dodge & Jerse, 1985) ..... 302.14 Average source spectra from untrained voices (filled circles) and pro- 4.14 Pattern of change of mean CQ/Ratio for all male subjects, for all five assessment tasks. Spli...

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Toward the quantification of vocal efficiency

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product

Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product

Acoustic and laryngographic measures of the laryngeal reflexes of linguistic prominence and vocal effort in German

Real-time visual displays for voice tuition

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