Toward the Standardization of the Car-roof PV – The challenge to the 3-D Sunshine Modeling and Rating of the 3-D Continuously Curved PV Panel

Araki, Kiyomichi; Ota, Yasuyuki; Nishioka, Kensuke; Tobita, Hiromi; Ji, Liang; Kelly, George; Yamaguchi, Masafumi

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547925

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The photovoltaic is also useful for auxiliary powers and range-extension of other low-carbon energies [10][11][12][13][14][15] The efficiency and power rating, as well as energy prediction under the curved surface affected by the shading objects, are critical. For example, the car-roof is three-dimensionally curved, and its curvature may induce power loss by increased cosine loss and self-shading loss [1,[16][17][18][19][20]. The Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 January 2020 irradiance and temperature of the car-roof are different from that of the roof-top or the ground mounting systems [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, the car-roof is three-dimensionally curved, and its curvature may induce power loss by increased cosine loss and self-shading loss [1,[16][17][18][19][20]. The Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 January 2020 irradiance and temperature of the car-roof are different from that of the roof-top or the ground mounting systems [16]. The expected energy yield should be different.Car roofs are often shaded, resulting in significant losses by the string mismatching [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The expected energy yield should be different.Car roofs are often shaded, resulting in significant losses by the string mismatching [1]. It may be improved by the introduction of a power distribution circuit for compensating the mismatch [16,[21][22][23]. However, due to the limited area and allowed thickness on the car-roof, the most practical approach is increasing the number of series-connected strings [24].Another aspect is that the car-roof PV is not in the installation of the standard slope angle and orientation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Surrounded buildings and other objects (trees and signals) often shade PV panels, and the variety of the curved shape has a complicated impact. Such interaction is needed to take into account [1].The development of meaningful testing and modeling methods were done by the international group using a web-meeting [16][17][18][19]. The 3-D model of photovoltaic power generation developed initially in the car-roof PV, namely VIPV (Vehicle integrated photovoltaic), can be extended to VIPV applications with curved PV using a flexible one.This article covers the modeling and measurement of the solar-irradiance of the car-body for accurate, meaningful, and non-biased estimation of the energy yield of automobile mounting PV modules.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…">ModelWith the progress of the automotive technology, it will help to cover the limited power output of the car-roof PV so that most of the private cars will be able to run by solar energy equipped with highefficiency and 3-D curved solar panels [1-3], and will overcome the loss mentioned above. To do so, the conventional IEC 60904 international standard series for PV electrical characterization, now focusing on 2-D flat panels, will need to expand to 3-D shaped PV modules [1,5,[16][17][18][19][20]. We attempt to define 3-D solar irradiation and rating to the 3-D curved solar panels.…”

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Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

Araki¹,

Ota²,

Yamaguchi³

2020

Preprint

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The energy yield of the Vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) differs from that of the standard photovoltaics (PV). It is mainly by the difference of the solar irradiance onto the car-roof and car-bodies as well as its curved-shape. Both meaningful and practical modeling and measurement of the solar irradiance for VIPV are needed to be newly established, not the extension of the current technologies. The solar irradiance was modeled by a random distribution of the shading objects and car-orientation with the correction of the curved surface of the PV modules. The measurement of the solar irradiance onto the car-roof and car-body was done using five pyranometers in five local axes on the car for one year. The measured dynamic solar irradiance onto the car-body and car-roof was used for validation of the solar irradiance model in the car.

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Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

Araki¹,

Ota²,

Yamaguchi³

2020

Preprint

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Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies

Ota

Araki

Nagaoka

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Typically, car roofs are curved, which means that vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) are also curved along the roof surface. The performance of the PV module is influenced by the local cosine loss and self‐shadowing loss due to the curved surface. The ratio between the solar irradiances of curved and flat surfaces is defined as the curve correction factor, and it widely varies with the shape of the curved surface. When the curve correction factor is less than unity, the PV on a curved car roof performs worse than the PV on a flat plate. Understanding the typical range of the curve correction factor is important for the estimation of the energy generated by VIPV. We investigated the curved shapes of 100 lines of cars and 200 cases. The curved shapes were then used to extract eight nondimensional geometric parameters, and the distributions and correlations among the parameters were investigated. The parent population of the curved surfaces was estimated via a Monte Carlo simulation based on an analysis of the statistical characteristics. The distribution of curve correction factors for the car population was calculated via differential geometry weighted by the distribution of incident angles of sunlight (direct and diffused) affected by shading along the streets, which was obtained from 1 year of driving data for Miyazaki City, Japan. The curve correction factors were highly skewed, but the average value was 0.92. This means that VIPV requires a 10% boost in performance to compensate for the inherent loss due to the geometry of curved roofs.

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Optimal installation and operation planning of parking spaces for solar-powered electric vehicles using hemispherical images

Baek,

Choi

2023

Renewable Energy

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Toward the Standardization of the Car-roof PV – The challenge to the 3-D Sunshine Modeling and Rating of the 3-D Continuously Curved PV Panel

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies

Optimal installation and operation planning of parking spaces for solar-powered electric vehicles using hemispherical images

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