Toward unbiased measurement of conscious and unconscious memory processes within the process dissociation framework.

Buchner, Axel; Erdfelder, Edgar; Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, Bianca

doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.137

Cited by 217 publications

(482 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It was mimicked by the pattern obtained from participants in the self-focused condition, and the difference was eliminated in the condition in which the participants thought about other matters. A very similar pattern also obtained when these data were reanalyzed by using the extended measurement model of Buchner, Erdfelder, and Vaterrodt-Pliinnecke (1995;see Hertel & Meiser, in press). For dysphoric students, then, the self-focused condition provided a good model for the deficit obtained in the unconstrained condition.…”

Section: Depression and Memory 63mentioning

confidence: 53%

The cognitive-initiative account of depression-related impairments in memory

Hertel¹

2000

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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Section: Depression and Memory 63mentioning

confidence: 53%

The cognitive-initiative account of depression-related impairments in memory

Hertel¹

2000

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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“…We do not consider that Banaji and Greenwald (1995) provided ultimately conclusive evidence on the conscious versus unconscious nature of the gender stereotyping that they observed. Conceivably, more complex extensions of the measurement model developed by Buchner et al (1995) will yet shed light on this interesting issue.…”

Section: Conclusion the Three Points Made In This Comment Indicate Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their following rejoinder, Buchner and Wippich suggest that subjects opportunity to attribute Session-2 name familiarity to extra-experimental exposures can be safely ignored in the multinomial model of a false fame experiment (Buchner & Wippich, 1996b, p. 7 of preprint). However, in the typical word-list experiment for which the Buchner et al (1995) model was developed, subjects know that they can attribute Session-2 familiarity of words only to (1) extra-experimental exposures and/or (2) Session-1 exposure. In false fame experiments, there is a third attribution opportunity to (3) actual fame.…”

Section: Conclusion the Three Points Made In This Comment Indicate Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Unconscious Gender Bias in Fame Judgments: Finding the Proper Branch of the Correct (Multinomial) Tree

Draine

Greenwald

Banaji

1996

Consciousness and Cognition

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Abstract. In the preceding article, Buchner and Wippich used a guessing-corrected, multinomial process-dissociation analysis to test whether a gender bias in fame judgments reported by Banaji and Greenwald (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995, 68, 181-198) was unconscious. Buchner and Wippich concluded that the gender-bias effect was not unconscious on the basis of finding no difference in model-estimated familiarity between previously presented nonfamous male and female names. This conclusion is questioned by noting that (a) the gender difference in familiarity that Buchner and Wippich modeled was different from the critical gender difference in criterion for fame judgments reported by Banaji and Greenwald, (b) the assumptions of Buchner and Wippich s multinomial model exclude processes that are plausibly involved in the fame judgment task, and (c) constructs of Buchner and Wippich s that correspond most closely to Banaji and Greenwald s gender-bias interpretation are formulated so as to preclude modeling that interpretation. Banaji and Greenwald (1995; BG, hereafter) used the false fame effect (Jacoby, Kelley, Brown, and Jasechko, 1989) to examine an implicit, and possibly unconscious, stereotype that associates male (more than female) gender with fame-deserving achievement. In BG s four experiments subjects were asked, in the first of two sessions, to judge the pronounceability of each of a list of male and female names, half famous and half not. One or two days later, subjects were asked to judge the fame of names on a larger similarly composed list, including both the old names (i.e., those seen in the previous session), and new ones. BG performed a signal detection analysis on the fame judgments, examing whether name gender affected sensitivity to fame (measured by dN) or the criterion for fame judgments (measured by log $). Consistently in all four of BG s experiments, subjects used a lower (more liberal) criterion of fame for judging old male (than female) names. The findings showed that subjects were more likely to attribute their sense of familiarity with old names to fame when the name was male rather than female.Because BG s gender difference in fame judgments occurred only when names had presumably been given a boost in familiarity by an unremembered prior presentation, BG suggested that it reflected an unconsciously operating, or implicit, stereotype. The implicitcognition interpretation was also supported by subjects self-reported post-experimental unawareness of a relation betwen name gender and their judgments, and by the lack of correlation of individual differences in criterion difference between male and female familiarized

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“…Figure 1 shows how response bias (B r ) and discrimination performance (P r ) can be computed from binary responses in a lexical decision task according to the two-high-threshold theory (see Snodgrass & Corwin, 1998), the measurement model that also underlies the process dissociation procedure (Buchner, Erdfelder, & Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, 1995;Jacoby, 1991;Windmann & Krüger, 1998) and that FIG. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating Prelexical and Postlexical Processing of Affective Information in the Two Hemispheres: Effects of the Stimulus Presentation Format

2002

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Using a lexical decision task, the authors investigated whether brain asymmetries in the detection of emotionally negative semantic associations arise only at a perceptually discriminative stage at which lexical analysis is accurate or can already be found at crude and incomplete levels of perceptual representation at which word-nonword discrimination is based solely on guessing. Emotionally negative and neutral items were presented near perceptual threshold in the left and right visual hemifields. Word-nonword discrimination performance as well as the bias to classify a stimulus as a ''word'' (whether or not it actually is a word) were assessed for a normal, horizontal stimulus presentation format (Experiment 1) and for an unusual, vertical presentation format (Experiment 2). Results show that while the two hemispheres are equally able to detect affective semantic associations at a prelexical processing stage (both experiments), the right hemisphere is superior at a postlexical, perceptually discriminative stage (Experiment 2). Moreover, the findings suggest that only an unusual, nonoverlearned stimulus presentation format allows adequate assessment of the right hemisphere's lexical-semantic skills. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)

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Toward unbiased measurement of conscious and unconscious memory processes within the process dissociation framework.

Cited by 217 publications

References 43 publications

The cognitive-initiative account of depression-related impairments in memory

The cognitive-initiative account of depression-related impairments in memory

Modeling Unconscious Gender Bias in Fame Judgments: Finding the Proper Branch of the Correct (Multinomial) Tree

Dissociating Prelexical and Postlexical Processing of Affective Information in the Two Hemispheres: Effects of the Stimulus Presentation Format

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