Towards 3D Cadastre in Serbia: Development of Serbian Cadastral Domain Model

Abstract

This paper proposes a Serbian cadastral domain model as the country profile for the real estate cadastre, based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), defined within ISO 19152. National laws and other legal acts were analyzed and the incorrect applications of the law are outlined. The national "Strategy of measures and activities for increasing the quality of services in the field of geospatial data and registration of real property rights in the official state records", which was adopted in 2017, cites the shortcomings of the existing cadastral information system. The proposed profile can solve several problems with the system, such as the lack of interoperability, mismatch of graphic and alphanumeric data, and lack of an integrated cadastral information system. Based on the existing data, the basic concepts of the Serbian cadastre were extracted and the applicability of LADM was tested on an obtained conceptual model. Upon obtaining positive results, a complete country profile was developed according to valid national laws and rulebooks. A table of mappings of LADM classes and country profile classes is presented in this paper, together with an analysis of the conformance level. The proposed Serbian country profile is completely conformant at the medium level and on several high-level classes. LADM also provides support for three-dimensional (3D) representations and 3D registration of rights, so the creation of a country profile for Serbia is a starting point toward a 3D cadastre. Given the existence of buildings with overlapping rights and restrictions in 3D, considering expanding the spatial profile with 3D geometries is necessary. Possible solutions to these situations were analyzed. Since the two-dimensional (2D) cadastre in Serbia is not fully formed, the proposed solution is to use the 2D model for simple right situations, and the 3D model for more complex situations.

LADM Based Utility Network Cadastre in Serbia

“…A notice relates to the registration of facts that are of importance for the establishment, modification, termination, or transfer of real rights to real properties, relating to the characteristics of the holder of the right on the real property, or on the legal relations regarding the real property. The registration of a notice does not prevent further entries on the real property to which the registration refers [3].…”

“…Since the conformity to the LADM was proven, the extended Serbian country profile was developed. Steps 1-7 of this research design related to developing the Serbian LADM-based country profile were conducted in the previous paper by the authors [3]. In this paper, research steps 1-6, 8, and 9 were conducted for the existing utility network cadastre information system, national legislation, and scientific literature related to the utilities.…”

“…The extracted set of classes from the Serbian LADM profile that were significant for this paper are shown in Figure 2, whereas all classes of the Serbian LADM profile can be found in a previous paper by the authors [3]. All classes from the Serbian country profile have the prefix RS.…”

“…Since the data model is the core of the system, the first step in solving the above problems is the development of a unifying data model.The aim of this research was to develop a unified data model of the Serbian real estate and utility network cadastre in order to solve the above-mentioned issues. In a previous paper [3], the authors developed a conceptual model for the Serbian real estate cadastre, tested it, and proved its compatibility to LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) [4], and finally developed and proposed a Serbian LADM country profile. According to the current legislation, a single utility line together with the belonging connectors, devices, or facilities is a subject of rights registration in the utility network cadastre, so in the sense of LADM, a utility line can be considered as a spatial unit represented by the class derived from the LADM class LA_LegalSpaceUtilityNetwork.…”

3d Cadastre – A Motivation and Recent Developments of Technical Aspects

“…On principle, there are three main ways in which the LADM based country profile can be developed: (1) use LADM classes, attributes, codelists and relationships between classes "as is", (2) show an inherited structure between the LADM and the existing cadastral model, or (3) show a mapping of elements between LADM and the existing cadastral model. The last two approaches were used for the creation of the LADM based country profiles for example in Croatia [7], Czech Republic [8], see figure 8, Poland [9], and Serbia [10]. In all these mentioned countries the cadastre is currently based on registration of 2D parcels.…”