Towards a European regulatory state

Regulatory capitalism and the reassertion of the public interest

“…In order to understand the reassertion of the public interest in the telecoms and food industries through the machinery of the state, we need first to clarify the notion of the rise of the regulatory state (Loughlin & Scott, 1997;Majone, 1994;McGowan & Wallace, 1996;Moran, 2002). The term ''regulatory state'', which has proved especially popular since the 1990s, ''suggests [that] modern states are placing more emphasis on the use of authority, rules and standard-setting, partially displacing an earlier emphasis on public ownership, public subsidies, and directly provided services.…”

“…Regulation is one important manifestation of the reassertion of the state. This view is often expressed in the literature with reference to the rise of the regulatory state (Loughlin & Scott, 1997;Majone, 1994;McGowan & Wallace, 1996;Moran, 2002). Yet, as suggested here, the notion of the regulatory state hardly reflects the public potential of regulation.…”

Conceptualizing the above ground factors in shale gas: Toward a research agenda on regulatory governance

“…Regulatory agencies enjoy a long history in the US context and have resumed an important function in increasing public ownership in the policy process [37]. More generally, the 'regulatory state' model has spread across the OECD word and now constitutes the rich world's specific mode of governance [67,91,103]. Europe now epitomizes the regulatory state, also in the EU's politically contested energy sector governance.…”

Changing the Rules of the Game - An Analysis of EU Influence on Electricity and Gas Liberalization, with a Focus on the Baltic Sea Region, and Future Challenges to EU Energy Market Regulation

“…Some saw a new form of state arise, such as the regulatory state (Majone 1994;McGowan and Wallace 1996;Loughlin and Scott 1997;Moran 2002;Eberlein and Grande 2005). Others proclaimed the age of governance and saw regulatory reforms and the rise of independent regulatory agencies as expression of a fundamental and widespread change in the governance of capitalist economies (Jordana and Levi-Faur 2004;Braithwaite 2008).…”