Towards a gender-aware understanding of innovation: a three-dimensional route

Abstract

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to discuss the theory of gender bias in innovation studies, to illustrate the gender bias of innovation studies by using empirical means and to suggest what is needed to reduce such bias. Previous studies on innovation have primarily focussed on male-dominated industries. These studies have been biased and hence unable to capture the range of innovations covered by theoretical definitions. Design/methodology/approach-An innovation survey was conducted among entrepreneurs in the traditionally "female-labelled" health-care industry, avoiding the "male-labelled" concept of innovation itself in the questionnaire. The authors endeavoured to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of innovativeness. Quantitative analyses were used to analyse the results and draw comparisons with an ordinary innovation survey. Findings-Using a gender-aware operationalisation of innovation, no significant difference in innovativeness was found between men and women. This suggests that more attention is needed to correct the prevailing gender bias in innovation studies. A research model is presented to further understand the gender-biased operationalisations of innovation. Each of its three dimensions has a clear impact upon perceived innovativeness: the gender-label of the sector studied, the gender-neutrality of the operationalisation used in the study and the gender of the actors involved. All dimensions should be taken into account in future innovation studies that aim for gender neutrality. Practical implications-Operationalisations for measuring innovations are usually biased. Therefore, women appear less innovative, which, in turn, leads to less visibility. Originality/value-Gender perspectives are very seldom employed in innovation studies. In quantitative studies of this sort, it is even rarer. Our empirical evidence from the quantitative study 2 (28) shows the urgency of the need to broaden the concept both in academic, political and public debates. This is not the least for efficiency reasons in resource allocation and public policy.

Integrating Gender Dynamics into Innovation Ecosystems

“…This means that research outcomes can be poorer for women than for men, and, therefore, this suggest that innovation outcomes may be affected in the same way [12].…”

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Policies and Gender Equity

“…Researchers point put that the operationalisation of the concept of innovation is gender-biased (Nählinder et al, 2015). Government financial support and other instruments often target male-dominated industries and male-labelled sectors.…”

Innovation From the Perspective of Malaysian Women Entrepreneurs in Food-based Enterprise

“…Although the phenomenon of women-managed entrepreneurship has proliferated due to significant increase in firms founded by women, research on women's managerial does not explicitly address the innovation capability per se. It is worth noting that research on womenmanaged enterprises tends to essential the category of women that is, assumes that all women, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, cultural background, religion, and other categories of difference, share exactly the same experiences and views (Nählinder et al, 2015;Peeters, L. W., &Ateljevic, 2017).…”