Towards a general theory of access

Levinson, David; Wu, Hao

doi:10.5198/jtlu.2020.1660

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…This research conducts a systematic, multi-modal, international comparison of access to jobs, which is the core variable connecting transport networks and land use, and the central factor in characterizing cities and explaining why cities exist 49 . This paper compares the performance of the transport and land-use system across cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes

Avner

Boisjoly

et al. 2021

npj Urban Sustain

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Access (the ease of reaching valued destinations) is underpinned by land use and transport infrastructure. The importance of access in transport, sustainability, and urban economics is increasingly recognized. In particular, access provides a universal unit of measurement to examine cities for the efficiency of transport and land-use systems. This paper examines the relationship between population-weighted access and metropolitan population in global metropolitan areas (cities) using 30-min cumulative access to jobs for 4 different modes of transport; 117 cities from 16 countries and 6 continents are included. Sprawling development with the intensive road network in American cities produces modest automobile access relative to their sizes, but American cities lag behind globally in transit and walking access; Australian and Canadian cities have lower automobile access, but better transit access than American cities; combining compact development with an intensive network produces the highest access in Chinese and European cities for their sizes. Hence density and mobility co-produce better access. This paper finds access to jobs increases with populations sublinearly, so doubling the metropolitan population results in less than double access to jobs. The relationship between population and access characterizes regions, countries, and cities, and significant similarities exist between cities from the same country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes

Avner

Boisjoly

et al. 2021

npj Urban Sustain

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“…Duration share of daily out-of-home time, which we choose in this study, is the most straightforward way to do so. Levinson and Wu (2020) also introduced some other methods, e.g., using the subjective priority assigned to each place to build the weighting schema and calculate the weighted average (Antunes et al, 2003), or using the Cobb-Douglas function, a multi-factor production function, rather than a simple weighted average, to combine opportunities. Future studies should test other weighting methods and compare the outputs systematically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though some studies stratified multiple opportunity types separately (Cervero et al, 1999, Van Wee et al, 2001, few have built an integrated indicator to involve them all in accessibility analysis (Levinson and Wu, 2020). We address that gap here.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impedance factor in the cumulative access (C ij ) could be time, distance, monetary cost, or other travel related expenses Levinson, 2018c, El-Geneidy et al, 2016). As travel time is more widely used and the same time cost is experienced relatively equally by different demographic groups (Levinson and Wu, 2020), so, to perform accessibility measurements, travel time is used as a measure of travel cost.…”

Section: Accessibility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-activity access: How activity choice affects opportunity

Cui

Levinson

2020

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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It is commonly seen that accessibility is measured considering only one opportunity or activity type or purpose of interest, e.g., jobs. The value of a location, and thus the overall access, however, depends on the ability to reach many different types of opportunities. This paper clarifies the concept of multi-activity accessibility, which combines multiple types of opportunities into a single aggregated access measure, and aims to find more comprehensive answers for the questions: what is being accessed, by what extent, and how it varies by employment status and by gender. The Minneapolis -St. Paul metropolitan region is selected for the measurement of multi-activity accessibility, using both primal and dual measures of cumulative access, for auto and transit. It is hypothesized that workers and non-workers, and males and females have different accessibility profiles. This research demonstrates its practicality at the scale of a metropolitan area, and highlights the differences in access for workers and nonworkers, and men and women, because of differences in their activity participation.

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“…The conceptual frameworks developed by Wachs and Kumagai (1973), Handy and Niemeier (1997), Geurs and van Wee (2004), H. J. Miller (2005Miller ( ), P aez et al (2012, Levine et al (2019), and Levinson and Wu (2020) are all examples of these efforts. We draw from these conceptual frameworks to show the many different dimensions of accessibility and how they interact with one another in Figure 1.…”

Section: A Conceptual Framework Of Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%