Towards a holistic environmental impact assessment of carbon nanotube growth through chemical vapour deposition

Trompeta, Aikaterini-Flora; Koklioti, Malamatenia A.; Perivoliotis, Dimitrios K.; Lynch, Iseult; Charitidis, Costas A.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.044

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The air-dried sample was examined by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyzer (FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit Twin, Brno, Czech Republic) at an accelerating voltage of 120 KV, conducted by a VELETA camera. 18 , 32 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel transdermal nanoethosomal gel of betahistine dihydrochloride for weight gain control: in-vitro and in-vivo characterization

El-Menshawe¹,

Ali²,

Halawa³

et al. 2017

DDDT

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BackgroundBetahistine dihydrochloride (BDH) is a histamine analog used to control weight gain, with short elimination half-life and gastric irritation as side effects.ObjectiveThe aim of the current investigation is to formulate and optimize a topical BDH ethosomal gel for weight gain control.Materials and methodsBox–Behnken design was applied to study the effect of independent variables: phosphatidylcholine (PC), propylene glycol (PG), and ethanol on vesicle size; entrapment efficiency; % drug release; and flux. The morphology and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were evaluated. The % drug release, flux, and pharmacodynamics of the optimized formulation gel were studied.ResultsThe size and entrapment efficiency percent had a direct positive relationship with the concentration of PC and negative relationship with ethanol and PG. The % drug release and flux decreased with increasing PC and PG, while ethanol enhanced both responses. Regression modeling indicated a good correlation between dependent and independent variables, where F16 was chosen as the optimized formulation. F16 showed well-defined spherical vesicles and zeta potential of −24 mV, and % release from the gel exceeded 99.5% over 16 h with the flux of 0.28 mg/cm2/h. Food intake and weight gain of rats were significantly decreased after transdermal application of the BDH ethosomal gel when compared with control, placebo, and BDH gel. The histopathological findings proved the absence of inflammation and decrease in adipose tissue.ConclusionResults obtained showed a significant, sustained transdermal absorption of BDH ethosomal gel and, consequently, a decrease in food intake and weight gain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel transdermal nanoethosomal gel of betahistine dihydrochloride for weight gain control: in-vitro and in-vivo characterization

El-Menshawe¹,

Ali²,

Halawa³

et al. 2017

DDDT

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“…As Figure 7 indicates for climate change, CF production is a highly energy-intensive process (E = 368 MJ/kg CF), with electricity accounting for 85% on climate change impact and PAN precursor for 15% (for the production of 1 kg PAN precursor, acrylonitrile has the major contribution, 53% over 47% of electricity, on climate change impact). As for CNTs, the electricity requirements for their production are also the major hotspot [ 97 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-Life Recycling Options of (Nano)Enhanced CFRP Composite Prototypes Waste—A Life Cycle Perspective

Petrakli¹,

Gkika²,

Bonou³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Life cycle assessment is a methodology to assess environmental impacts associated with a product or system/process by accounting resource requirements and emissions over its life cycle. The life cycle consists of four stages: material production, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life. This study highlights the need to conduct life cycle assessment (LCA) early in the new product development process, as a means to assess and evaluate the environmental impacts of (nano)enhanced carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) prototypes over their entire life cycle. These prototypes, namely SleekFast sailing boat and handbrake lever, were manufactured by functionalized carbon fibre fabric and modified epoxy resin with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The environmental impacts of both have been assessed via LCA with a functional unit of ‘1 product piece’. Climate change has been selected as the key impact indicator for hotspot identification (kg CO2 eq). Significant focus has been given to the end-of-life phase by assessing different recycling scenarios. In addition, the respective life cycle inventories (LCIs) are provided, enabling the identification of resource hot spots and quantifying the environmental benefits of end-of-life options.

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“…The chosen method for the synthesis of MWCNTs used in the preparation of the composites was thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD). The supported catalyst approach was employed, as first reported in Trompeta et al's study [20], which offers higher productivity and yield, resulting in lower production costs (estimated at less than 1 euro/g). For the growth of MWCNTs, a catalyst containing Fe particles at 20 wt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Critical Multifunctionality Threshold for Optimal Electrical, Thermal, and Nanomechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications

et al. 2019

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Epoxy composites are widely used in primary aerospace structures, where high impact damage properties are necessary. However, challenges appear when multiple functionalities, including electrical and thermal conductivity, are needed in parallel with increased mechanical properties. The current study aims at the assessment of a critical concentration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), incorporated in epoxy resin, which will indicate a threshold for optimal electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. For the evaluation of this optimal concentration, electrical conductivity, thermal stability and nanomechanical properties (Young modulus and nanohardness) have been assessed, for epoxy nanocomposites with 0 to 15 parts per hundred resin per weight (phr) MWCNTs. Percolation theory was applied to study the electrical conductivity for different contents of MWCNTs in the epoxy nanocomposite system. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed for the assessment of the epoxy composites’ thermal properties. Nanohardness and elastic modulus were measured, and the hardness versus modulus index was calculated. Emphasis was given to the dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix, which was assessed by both microscopy techniques and X-ray micro–computed tomography. A correlation between the optimum dispersion and MWCNTs content in terms of electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and nanomechanical properties revealed a threshold concentration at 3 phr, allowing the manufacturing of aerospace structures with multifunctional properties.

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Towards a holistic environmental impact assessment of carbon nanotube growth through chemical vapour deposition

Abstract: Towards a holistic environmental impact assessment of carbon nanotube growth through chemical vapour depositionTrompeta, Aikaterini-flora; Koklioti, Malamatenia A.; Perivoliotis, Dimitrios K.; Lynch, Iseult; Charitidis, Costas A.

Cited by 40 publications

References 55 publications

A novel transdermal nanoethosomal gel of betahistine dihydrochloride for weight gain control: in-vitro and in-vivo characterization

A novel transdermal nanoethosomal gel of betahistine dihydrochloride for weight gain control: in-vitro and in-vivo characterization

End-of-Life Recycling Options of (Nano)Enhanced CFRP Composite Prototypes Waste—A Life Cycle Perspective

Assessing the Critical Multifunctionality Threshold for Optimal Electrical, Thermal, and Nanomechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications

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