Towards a Leadless Wirelessly Controlled Intravenous Cardiac Pacemaker

Anwar, Usama; Ajijola, Olujimi A.; Shivkumar, Kalyanam; Marković, Dejan

doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3161415

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An intravenous cardiac pacemaker designed to be implanted in cardiac veins is a passive wireless power receiver circuit that receives bursts of power at 13.5 MHz from a subcutaneous transmitter and stimulates the tissue [ 98 ]. A novel bioresorbable leadless cardiac pacemaker for the purpose of temporary pacing is powered by a wireless inductive energy transfer at a frequency of 13.5 MHz [ 99 ].…”

Section: Dual-chamber Leadless and Battery-less Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Safe Implantation and Effective Performance of Single-Chamber and Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Tong

Sun

2023

JCM

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Leadless pacemakers (LPMs) have emerged as an alternative to conventional transvenous pacemakers to eliminate the complications associated with leads and subcutaneous pockets. However, LPMs still present with complications, such as cardiac perforation, dislodgment, vascular complications, infection, and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Furthermore, the efficacy of the leadless VDD LPMs is influenced by the unachievable 100% atrioventricular synchrony. In this article, we review the available data on the strategy selection, including appropriate patient selection, procedure techniques, device design, and post-implant programming, to minimize the complication rate and maximize the efficacy, and we summarize the clinical settings in which a choice must be made between VVI LPMs, VDD LPMs, or conventional transvenous pacemakers. In addition, we provide an outlook for the technology for the realization of true dual-chamber leadless and battery-less pacemakers.

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Section: Dual-chamber Leadless and Battery-less Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Safe Implantation and Effective Performance of Single-Chamber and Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Tong

Sun

2023

JCM

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“…The advent of cardiac implantable devices has increased the quality of life in patients, providing an independent lifestyle and longer life without recurrent hospitalization. As technology progresses in this field, the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices to control the cardiovascular disease is increasing [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Examples of such implantable devices include implantable cardioverter defibrillators, pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices [ 12 , 13 ], and hemodynamic sensors [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Cardiac Wireless Implant Communication: A Feasibility Study on Selecting the Frequency and Matching Medium

Amin

Rehman

Farooq

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Cardiac wireless implantable medical devices (CWIMD) have brought a paradigm shift in monitoring and treating various cardiac conditions, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension. One of the key elements in CWIMD is the implant antenna which uses radio frequency (RF) technology to wirelessly communicate and transmit data to external devices. However, wireless communication with a deeply implanted antenna using RF can be challenging due to the significant loss of electromagnetic (EM) signal at the air–skin interface, and second, due to the propagation and reflection of EM waves from different tissue boundaries. The air–skin interface loss of the EM wave is pronounced due to the absence of a matching medium. This paper investigates the EM propagation losses in the human body and presents a choice of optimal frequency for the design of the cardiac implant antenna and the dielectric properties of the matching medium. First, the dielectric properties of all tissues present in the human thorax including skin, fat, muscle, cartilage, and heart are analyzed as a function of frequency to study the EM wave absorption at different frequencies. Second, the penetration of EM waves inside the biological tissues is analyzed as a function of frequency. Third, a transmission line (TL) formalism approach is adopted to examine the optimal frequency band for designing a cardiac implant antenna and the matching medium for the air–skin interface. Finally, experimental validation is performed at two ISM frequencies, 433 MHz and 915 MHz, selected from the optimal frequency band (0.4–1.5 GHz) suggested by our analytical investigation. For experimental validation, two off-the-shelf flexible dipole antennas operating at selected ISM frequencies were used. The numerical and experimental findings suggested that for the specific application of a cardiac implant with a penetration depth of 7–17 cm, the most effective frequency range for operation is within 0.4–1.5 GHz. The findings based on the dielectric properties of thorax tissues, the penetration depth of EM waves, and the optimal frequency band have provided valuable information on developing and optimizing CWIMDs for cardiac care applications.

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“…In existing studies of MCR-WPT systems for cardiac pacemakers, systems are typically operated at frequencies such as 150 kHz, 10 300 kHz, 6,11,12 6.78 MHz, 13 and 13.56 MHz. 14,15 T. Campi and colleagues 16 conducted a comparative analysis of SAR variations with transmission distance at 300 kHz and 13.56 MHz. The results indicated that the system achieves a higher safe transmission distance when operating at lower frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, researchers have explored the impact of operating frequency on system safety. In existing studies of MCR‐WPT systems for cardiac pacemakers, systems are typically operated at frequencies such as 150 kHz, 10 300 kHz, 6,11,12 6.78 MHz, 13 and 13.56 MHz 14,15 . T. Campi and colleagues 16 conducted a comparative analysis of SAR variations with transmission distance at 300 kHz and 13.56 MHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on dual‐coupled wireless power transfer system for cardiac pacemaker based on integrated coils

Chen,

Ge,

Yan

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryIn order to reduce the implantation volume and improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system for cardiac pacemakers, a dual‐coupled wireless power transfer system for cardiac pacemakers that integrates a compensation coil into the main coil was designed. First, the mutual inductance equivalent model of the dual‐coupled wireless power transfer system was established and the impedance matching parameters were solved. The double‐sided inductor–capacitor–inductor (DS‐LCL) circuit simulation model considering the equivalent series resistance was established with MATLAB. The influence of different inductance ratios on the output power and transfer efficiency of the system was analyzed in the range of 200–300 kHz, and the system parameters for optimal transfer efficiency were determined. Second, the compensation coil on the same side was naturally decoupled by changing the aspect ratio of the compensation coil. The magnetic field distribution between the internally integrated dual‐coupled structure proposed in this paper and the conventional integrated structure was compared using COMSOL, and the safety assessment of the system was conducted, considering parameters such as temperature rise and specific absorption rate. Finally, an experimental platform was established to verify the system's output performance and safety. The results showed that compared with conventional integrated structures, the proposed integrated structure increased the output power by 0.229 W and transmission efficiency by 10.08% at a transmission distance of 8 mm. The maximum temperature rise is 1.9°C.

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Towards a Leadless Wirelessly Controlled Intravenous Cardiac Pacemaker

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Strategies for Safe Implantation and Effective Performance of Single-Chamber and Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Strategies for Safe Implantation and Effective Performance of Single-Chamber and Dual-Chamber Leadless Pacemakers

Optimizing Cardiac Wireless Implant Communication: A Feasibility Study on Selecting the Frequency and Matching Medium

Research on dual‐coupled wireless power transfer system for cardiac pacemaker based on integrated coils

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