Towards a micromechanical based description for strength increase in dual phase steels during bake-hardening process

Ramazani, Ali; Serafeim, Alexandros; Prahl, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.017

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The bake hardening is referred to the final paint baking process of automobile outer panels, which is usually heated at a temperature range of 140-200°C for a holding time between 20 and 90 min. Basically, the difference between tempering and bake hardening was the applied pre-strain in the bake hardening process [212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220]. Bake hardening is the controlled aging phenomenon related to the presence of carbon and/or nitrogen atoms in the solid solution state of steel [221].…”

Section: Bake Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, three stages of strengthening effect during the bake hardening process in AHSS include: (I) Cottrell atmosphere formation in the vicinity of mobile dislocations in ferrite, (II) precipitation of low temperature carbides in ferrite, and (III) formation of precipitate clusters and particles in martensite/bainite interface [213,222]. It has been reported that bake hardening could increase the yield strength of DP and TRIP steels up to 100 MPa after 2-10% pre-straining [213,217,218,[222][223][224]. Thus, mechanical properties of DP steels can be further enhanced via the bake hardening process.…”

Section: Bake Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing, microstructure adjustments, and mechanical properties of dual phase steels: A review

Kalhor

Taheri

Mirzadeh

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Technology

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In this review, effects of initial microstructure before intercritical annealing and processing routes of dual phase (DP) high strength steels are discussed. Prior-applied deformation processes as cold rolling and severe plastic deformation (SPD) including their impacts on mechanical properties of DP steels are described. Influences of heating rate, recrystallization of ferrite, nucleation and grain growth of austenite on the microstructure evolution are also presented. The intercritical annealing and thermomechanical processes of DP steels are comparatively outlined. Furthermore, post-intercritical annealing treatments, i.e., tempering, bake hardening, strain and quench aging are argued. Effects of key alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels are briefly summarized. A further development of DP steels can properly benefit from this extensive review.

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Section: Bake Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bake Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing, microstructure adjustments, and mechanical properties of dual phase steels: A review

Kalhor

Taheri

Mirzadeh

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many studies have also focused on realizing the DP steels deformation behavior through using numerical, analytical, and empirical methods. [ 11–14 ] During the investigation of DP steels’ mechanical properties, one major obstacle arises from the numerous microstructural parameters involved. In this article, an extensive review of the recent achievements on the design and development of microstructure in DP steels is given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Modifications of Dual‐Phase Steels: An Overview of Recent Progress and Challenges

Ebrahimi

Saeidi

Raeissi

2020

steel research int.

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Optimization of the microstructure and its effect on the strength and ductility of the steel is one of the main aspects of the researcher's effort toward production of advanced structural materials. There have been various investigations focusing on the thermomechanical treatment and grain refinement of steel while some researches are dealing with the modification of chemical composition. This article considering major parameters influencing the mechanical properties of steels aims to present an overview of the outstanding achievements in improvement of the dual-phase steels. Following the obtained consensus, some advanced promising microstructural modification strategies are also suggested, which can bring new insights to shed light upon the further enhancement of the mechanical behavior of the dual-phase steels.

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“…[11] Precipitation of carbides has been modeled on basis of the numerical Kampmann-Wagner approach, [20] Classical Nucleation Theory, [21] and quasibinary diffusion-controlled precipitate growth. [22] In a more constitutive modeling-oriented approach, Ramazani et al [23] have applied a coupled Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) treatment [24][25][26][27][28] DOI: 10.1002/srin.202000307…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 ] Precipitation of carbides has been modeled on basis of the numerical Kampmann–Wagner approach, [ 20 ] Classical Nucleation Theory, [ 21 ] and quasibinary diffusion‐controlled precipitate growth. [ 22 ] In a more constitutive modeling‐oriented approach, Ramazani et al [ 23 ] have applied a coupled Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) treatment [ 24–28 ] to describe the observed two‐stage increase in yield strength. Ormsuptave and Uthaisangsuk [ 29 ] also modeled the yield strength increase with decoupled Cottrell and precipitation strengthening and added a third term for martensite tempering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Bake Hardening Kinetics and Carbon Redistribution in Dual‐Phase Steels

Shan

Soliman

Palkowski

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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The bake hardening response (BHR) of a dual‐phase steel with a martensite volume fraction of 0.22 is studied by means of mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, and computational simulation. After austenitization and quenching, the material is exposed to temperatures between 100 and 220 °C for times up to 10 000 min. The increase in yield strength during bake hardening (BH) follows the well‐known two‐stage characteristics. Herein, the kinetics of BH is analyzed on the basis of computational models for the formation of Cottrell atmospheres and precipitation, which represent the cause of strength increase, as well as the long‐range diffusion of C, which is partitioning between the martensite and ferrite phases during aging. The simulated yield strength evolution is in good agreement with the experiments. The model clearly describes the shape of the experimentally observed BH curves as a function of temperature, time, and degree of prestrain. In contrast to previous simulation attempts, all metallurgical phenomena are treated as coupled processes and modeled in an integrated framework based on a single set of input and state parameters.

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Towards a micromechanical based description for strength increase in dual phase steels during bake-hardening process

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Processing, microstructure adjustments, and mechanical properties of dual phase steels: A review

Processing, microstructure adjustments, and mechanical properties of dual phase steels: A review

Microstructural Modifications of Dual‐Phase Steels: An Overview of Recent Progress and Challenges

Modeling of Bake Hardening Kinetics and Carbon Redistribution in Dual‐Phase Steels

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