“…On the one hand, policy pressures are changing European universities from being administrated organizations towards being managed organizations, with stronger central leadership and strategic capability (Kru¨cken, Kosmu¨tzky, & Torka, 2007), where principles of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and central strategic control are introduced (Christopher & Leung, 2015;de Boer, Enders, & Leisyte, 2007;Enders, Kehm, & Schimank, 2015;Kogan, Bauer, Bleiklie, & Henkel, 2006). On the other hand, there is a great deal of variation in this process (Sahlin, 2012), and changes are rather gradual and incremental (Musselin, 2007).…”