This study aims to examine the variables that influence Serbian pre-service teachers' intention to use technology to teach mathematics. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the framework, we developed a research model to include subjective norm, knowledge of mathematics, and facilitating conditions as external variables to the TAM. In addition, we investigated the influence of gender and age on the behavioural intention to use technology. With data gathered from 313 participants using a survey questionnaire, structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis revealed that the proposed model in this study has a good fit and accounted for 5.4% of the variance in the behavioural intention to use technology. Pre-service teachers' attitudes towards computers were found to be the only factor with direct influence on the intention to use technology. All other factors were found to have an indirect influence. Using multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modelling, pre-service teachers' intention to use technology was not found to be significantly different by age and gender. Various contributions to research and implications for teacher training are discussed.
IntroductionIn today's world, when society is shifting from an industrial towards an information or knowledge society, it is important for students to develop lifelong learning skills, often referred to as a capacity of "learning to learn" (Anderson, 2008, p. 19 Education, 2007). In preparing for these skills, the appropriate use of technology by teachers in education is crucial.Despite the strong presence of information and communication technology (ICT) in classrooms all over the world, studies have shown that ICT is underused (Mueller, Wood, Willoughby, Ross, & Specht, 2008;Ruthven, 2009). In Serbia, one reason for the low ICT usage for teaching and learning is teachers' lack of sophisticated knowledge to support effective technology integration (Kadijevich, 2012). However, this situation is mitigated by younger teachers, who have demonstrated their attempts at teaching mathematics in primary and secondary schools in Serbia (Dimitrijević, Popović, & Stanić, 2012).Serbia is a south-eastern developing country in Europe with a population of 7.12 million. Free education is provided for children between ages 7 and 15 (grades 1-8) and those between ages 15 and 19 to attend elementary and secondary schools, respectively, although the latter is not compulsory by law. Depending on the grade level and subject, elementary and secondary school teachers receive their training at the relevant faculties in universities (UNESCO, 2011). All teachers have to complete their training in pedagogy and subject content at master's level before taking up appointments in schools. Among the goals of Serbian education are that students across all levels should be provided with opportunities to acquire high quality knowledge and skills and attitudes, including linguistic, mathematical, scientific, artistic, cultural, technical, and computer literacy skills necessary for life in ...