Towards a new paradigm in mayfly phylogeny (Ephemeroptera): combined analysis of morphological and molecular data

Abstract

Abstract. This study represents the first formal morphological and combined (morphological and molecular) phylogenetic analyses of the order Ephemeroptera. Taxonomic sampling comprised 112 species in 107 genera, including 42 recognized families (all major lineages of Ephemeroptera). Morphological data consisted of 101 morphological characters. Molecular data were acquired from DNA sequences of the 12S, 16S, 18S, 28S and H3 genes. The Asian genus Siphluriscus (Siphluriscidae) was supported as sister to all other mayflies. The lineages Carapacea, Furcatergalia, Fossoriae, Pannota, Caenoidea and Ephemerelloidea were supported as monophyletic, as were many of the families. However, some recognized families (for example, Ameletopsidae and Coloburiscidae) and major lineages (such as Setisura, Pisciforma and Ephemeroidea among others) were not supported as monophyletic, mainly due to convergences within nymphal characters. Clade robustness was evaluated by multiple methods and approaches.

Sex and size matter: ontogenetic patterns of nutrient content of aquatic insects

“…This pattern is consistent with the pattern of increased P in late-instar Caenis nymphs documented by Back et al (2008). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Caenis (Caenidae) is more closely related to Leptophlebiidae (suborder Furcatergalia) and Baetidae is more closely related to Isonychiidae (suborder Pisciforma) than Caenidae and Baetidae are related to each other (Ogden et al 2009). …”

Genetic contributions to the study of taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of mayflies (Ephemeroptera): review and future perspectives

“…Majority-rule consensus phylogenetic tree of Ephemeroptera, combining 100 morphological characters and 5800 nucleotides (from Ogden et al 2009). .…”

“…More recently, a combined analysis (figure 1; Ogden et al 2009) of more than 100 morphological characters and 5800 bp of mitochondrial (12S, 16S) and nuclear (18S, 28S, H3) genes has generated several interesting new insights. First, Carapacea is never recovered as the basal group of mayflies but is nested together with the family Oligoneuriidae as the sister group of Furcatergalia.…”

Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics

“…Given their almost unimaginable diversity, it is impossible for any individual to be considered an expert for all Hexapoda, and most workers spend their careers exploring particular groups. Here we list a sample of the recent advances from various authors in the phylogeny of Odonata [283 -290,292], Ephemeroptera [278,293,294], Plecoptera [295], Dermaptera [296], Embioptera [297], Phasmatodea [298], Dictyoptera [236,279,[299][300][301], Mantodea [302], Orthoptera [234,303 -306], Hemiptera [307,308], Psocodea [309], Hymenoptera [310 -317], Neuropterida [318 -320], Coleoptera [321 -323], Diptera [324,325], Lepidoptera [326 -334], Trichoptera [335 -337], Mecoptera [246,338,339] and Siphonaptera [340,341].…”