Towards a psychopathology specific to Substance Use Disorder: Should emotional responses to life events be included?

Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro; Maiello, Marco; Carbone, Manuel Glauco; Pallucchini, Alessandro; Brizzi, Francesca; Belcari, Iacopo; Conversano, Ciro; Perugi, Giulio; Maremmani, Icro

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.001

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, the possibility of recurring wildfires could heighten the uncertainty and increase anxiety levels in the victims. Other studies have suggested increased use of nicotine, alcohol and other substances following natural disasters and that the co-existence of substance use with mental health disorders worsens the outcome for survivors ( 16 – 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence Rates and Predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Residents of Fort McMurray Six Months After a Wildfire

et al. 2018

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The Fort McMurray wildfire was the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with far-reaching impacts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence and risk factors of elevated generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptomatology in residents of Fort McMurray 6 months after the wildfire. Data were collected via random selection procedures from 486 participants. Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms were measured via the GAD-7. The 1-month prevalence rate for GAD symptomatology 6 months after the disaster was 19.8% overall, regression analyses revealed six variables with significant unique contributions to prediction of GAD symptomatology. Significant predictors were: pre-existing anxiety disorder, witnessing of homes being destroyed by the wildfire, living in a different home after the wildfire, receiving limited governmental support or limited family support, and receiving counseling after the wildfire. Participants with these risk factors were between two to nearly seven times more likely to present with GAD symptomatology. In addition, participants who presented with elevated symptomatology were more likely to increase use or problematically use substances post-disaster. This study extends the literature on mental health conditions and risk factors following disasters, specifically in the area of generalized anxiety. Findings and implications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence Rates and Predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Residents of Fort McMurray Six Months After a Wildfire

et al. 2018

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“…46 Besides, we think that a HUD/PTSD combination may be the consequence of long exposure to heroin. 47 We had previously found positive correlations between the severity of heroin addiction, the dose of opioid medication, and the severity of the PTSD spectrum. In HUD, patients are characterized by the lifetime absence of exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence; this kind of PTSD spectrum resulting from the addictive process may display a high degree of severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Can the migration process influence the clinical expression of heroin use disorder in migrants to Italy?

et al. 2020

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Background. For some time now, there has been a strong consensus that the migration process can influence the onset, course, development, outcome, and clinical aspects of psychiatric pathologies. Methods. In this study, we have analyzed the influence of the migration process on the clinical expression of heroin use disorder (HUD). In a naturalistic case–control study, we compared, both at univariate and multivariate level, 30 migrant HUD (M-HUD) patients with 30 age/gender-matched Italian HUD (IT-HUD) patients. We also analyzed demographic data, drug addiction history, psychopathological symptoms, addictive behavior, and emotional reactivity to life events. Results. Compared with IT-HUD pairs, at HUD Agonist Opioid Treatment, M-HUD patients were characterized by inadequate income and the presence of legal problems. They were more frequently at stage 3 of heroin addiction, with a concomitantly less frequent use of stimulants. Their age at the onset of heroin use was greater than that of subjects in the IT-HUD group. HUD post-traumatic stress disorder spectrum was present and was more severe in all M-HUD patients, but grief reactions and maladaptive behavior were the most discriminant traits. No differences were found in terms of addictive behaviors related to heroin craving or with respect to the severity/typology of psychopathology specific to HUD. Conclusions. The migratory process does not seem to be correlated with addictive behaviors or with psychopathology specific to HUD. It partly affects HUD history, and specifically correlates with emotional reactivity to loss and traumatic life events, so suggesting that in M-HUD individuals, the link between the migratory syndrome and HUD is very close.

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“…We are aware that the use of more appropriate instruments would have made it possible to investigate domains closely connected with the neurobiological processes involved in addiction (e.g., reward, impulse control, and stress systems). We have actually chosen this second path in investigating the area of stress-related symptoms, using more appropriate instruments and observing a more specific clinical expression in opioid addicts [ 22 , 121 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confirmation of the independence of the SCL-90-defined psychopathological profile from the level of the stress-related emotional condition came from a later study involving 93 heroin-addicted patients, divided into two samples according to the severity of their stress reaction and then allocated to one specific dimension based on their SCL-90 profile. While patients with a high response to stress, when they were compared with those who had a low level of response, showed higher psychopathological severity, no significant differences versus patients with a low response to stress were observed in the frequency of the five dimensions [ 22 ]. Lastly, we planned to ascertain whether the five-factor psychopathological configuration detected in heroin addicted patients could also connote cocaine- or alcohol-dependent patients too [ 23 ].…”

Section: Nosography: Critical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineating the Psychic Structure of Substance Use and Addictions, from Neurobiology to Clinical Implications: Ten Years Later

Pani

Maremmani

Pacini³

et al. 2020

JCM

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The diagnosis of substance use disorder is currently based on the presence of specifically identified behavioral symptoms. In addition, other psychiatric signs and symptoms accompany addictive behavior, contributing to the full picture of patients’ psychopathologic profile. Historically, such symptoms were confined within the framework of “comorbidity”, as comorbid psychiatric disorders or personality traits. However, an alternative unitary view of the psychopathology of addiction, inclusive of related psychiatric symptoms, has been claimed, with the support of epidemiological, neurobiological, and neuropsychological evidence. In the present article, we highlight the research advancements that strengthen this unified perspective. We then give an account of our group’s definition of a specific SCL-90-based construct of the psychopathology of addiction. Lastly, we discuss the benefits that can be expected to be acquired in the evaluation and treatment of patients with a longitudinal approach including psychological/psychiatric predisposing features, addictive behavior, and psychiatric manifestations.

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Towards a psychopathology specific to Substance Use Disorder: Should emotional responses to life events be included?

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence Rates and Predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Residents of Fort McMurray Six Months After a Wildfire

Prevalence Rates and Predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Residents of Fort McMurray Six Months After a Wildfire

Can the migration process influence the clinical expression of heroin use disorder in migrants to Italy?

Delineating the Psychic Structure of Substance Use and Addictions, from Neurobiology to Clinical Implications: Ten Years Later

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