Abstract-Social robots may help children in their daily health-care related activities, such as adherence to diet and exercises of diabetics. Based on a domain and literature study, we specified three support roles with corresponding bot behaviors: motivator, educator and buddy. These behaviors, such as showing attentiveness, could be implemented well in a physical character (the iCat robot), somewhat less well in a virtual character, and least well in a text interface. Twenty-eight to nine years old-children participated in a controlled experiment to evaluate the bots. They proved to value the support roles positively, in particular the buddy role. Objective and subjective data showed that they highly appreciated both the physical and virtual characters (more than the text interface). Furthermore, children proved to interact faster with the character than with the text interface. There is a clear added value of robots compared to conventional text interfaces.
Index Terms-Human-robot interaction, Physical agents, Domotic agents and applications
I. INTRODUCTIONNFORMATION and communication technology (ICT) in home, school and health settings has changed dramatically in the last two decades. For example for education it has been changing from one computer in a class that is hardly used, to computer usage by every school subject and the requirement to do homework on the computer. This use can be extended from homework tasks for school to physical exercise. These physical exercises might help to counter the increasing number of children suffering from obesity and diabetes. ICT technologies can thus aid in doing exercises [1][2][3][4][5][6], giving social support [7,8], and helping with lifestyle change [9][10][11][12]. Research on persuasive technology [13] and affective computing [14] provides (partial) solutions, e.g. for the realization of social behavior, such as social talk and turntaking [2][3][4][5], and of empathic behavior, such as attentiveness and giving compliments [7,8], [9], [6,10,12]. This research comprises supporting technologies that are more conventional text-based [6,9,12], and more innovative character-based virtual [1,2] or physical [3][4][5]7,8,10] "robots". The media equation [15] states that technology is higher appreciated Rosemarijn Looije is with TNO Defence, Security and Safety