Towards a regional passive air sampling network and strategy for new POPs in the GRULAC region: Perspectives from the GAPS Network and first results for organophosphorus flame retardants

Rauert, Cassandra; Harner, Tom; Schuster, Jasmin K.; Quinto, Karen; Fillmann, Gilberto; Castillo, Luisa E.; Fentanes, Oscar; Ibarra, Martín Villa; Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz; Moreno, Isabel; Pozo, Karla; Puerta, Andrea Padilla; Zuluaga, Beatriz Helena Aristizábal

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.229

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…29,432,434 A number of studies were Pan-European in scale 95,[434][435][436] or covered large parts of East Asia. 143,[437][438][439] Two studies reported data on African networks 440,441 and a regional Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) effort 31,442,443 focussed on the group of Latin American and Caribbean countries. While an Australian national study 277,414 could also be classied as 22, This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020 continental, we have listed those studies in Table 16 in Section G.1.3 above.…”

Section: G1 Pas Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals

Wania

Shunthirasingham

2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: G1 Pas Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals

Wania

Shunthirasingham

2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…3.3). Our results are slightly higher than a study conducted in South America, where passive air samplers (PAS) were also applied to collect outdoor air (Rauert et al 2016). TDCIPP and TMPP were only detected in ~60% of air samples, while the other OPEs were detected in >98% of samples.…”

Section: Concentrations and Patterns Of Opes And Pbdes In Indoor Aircontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Air concentrations were calculated based on a study from Rauert et al (2016). Generally, concentrations in air for targeted chemicals are derived from passive samplers by dividing the amount of chemical collected on the sampler (e.g.…”

Section: Derivation Of Concentration In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate esters in the Australian environment: sources, fate, and human exposure

He¹

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There is growing concern regarding the use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) due to their suspected reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity. OPEs are used as flame retardants and plasticizers, and due to their extensive application in consumer products, are found globally in the environment. The exposure pathways however, are mostly limited to dermal contact with dust, with little available data on intake via inhalation and diet. This study aims to assess the sources, fate and exposure to OPEs in the Australian population by analyzing the levels of OPEs (and their metabolites) in dust, air, food, and human urine samples. The production and associated use of OPEs have increased in the last two decades, mainly for use as an alternative to some of the brominated flame retardants that have been regulated and phased out, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To investigate the levels of OPEs in the environment, the first task in this study was to develop a method to analyze OPEs and PBDEs in indoor dust, as dermal contact with dust is considered an important pathway for these chemicals. In Chapter 2, we develop a multi-residue method using a two-step SPE sample purification. This enabled us to effectively limit co-extracted matrix/interferences, and therefore simultaneously analyse OPEs and PBDEs in indoor dust. Based on the established method, in Chapter 3 we measured the concentrations of nine OPEs and eight PBDEs in samples of indoor dust and air from Australian houses, offices, hotels and transportation vehicles (bus, train and aircraft). All target compounds were detected in indoor dust and air samples. Median ∑9OPEs concentrations were 40 µg/g in dust and 44 ng/m 3 in indoor air, while median ∑8PBDEs concentrations were 2.1 µg/g and 0.049 ng/m 3. Concentrations of OPEs and PBDEs were higher in rooms that contained carpet, air conditioners and various electronic items. Daily intakes in adults were estimated to be 14000 pg/kg body weight/day and 330 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑9OPEs and ∑8PBDEs, respectively. Our results suggest that for the volatile FRs such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), inhalation is the more important intake pathway compared to dust ingestion and dermal contact. Chapter 4 and 5 focus on internal exposure of OPEs in children in Australia using urinary concentrations of OPE metabolites. The age trends and potential contribution from breastfeeding were investigated in Chapter 4. Concentrations of TCEP, bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), tris(2ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBP) decreased with age, while bis(methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) increased with age. The estimated daily intakes via V

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“…19 The GAPS program is operated by a volunteer network that is coordinated through a central laboratory operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), where samples are analyzed. 37 Our study considered 290 samples deployed in 2006 and 2007 and spiked with seven depuration compounds [ 13 C labelled PCB congeners 9, 15, 32, 107, and 198, PCB-30, and gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (d 6 -γ-HCH)]. The GAPS network is operated with extensive quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), generally having method recoveries greater than 85% and has instrumental detection limits (IDL) below 1 pg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration and evaluation of PUF-PAS sampling rates across the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network

Herkert

Scott

Smith

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Passive air samplers equipped with polyurethane foam (PUF-PAS) are frequently used to measure persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in ambient air. Here we present and evaluate a method to determine sampling rates (R), and the effective sampling volume (V), for gas-phase chemical compounds captured by a PUF-PAS sampler deployed anywhere in the world. The method uses a mathematical model that requires only publicly available hourly meteorological data, physical-chemical properties of the target compound, and the deployment dates. The predicted R is calibrated from sampling rates determined from 5 depuration compounds (C PCB-9, C PCB-15,C PCB-32, PCB-30, and d-γ-HCH) injected in 82 samples from 24 sites deployed by the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network around the world. The dimensionless fitting parameter, gamma, was found to be constant at 0.267 when implementing the Integrated Surface Database (ISD) weather observations and 0.315 using the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) weather dataset. The model provided acceptable agreement between modelled and depuration determined sampling rates, with C PCB-9,C PCB-32, and d-γ-HCH having mean percent bias near zero (±6%) for both weather datasets (ISD and MERRA). The model provides inexpensive and reliable PUF-PAS gas-phase R and V when depuration compounds produce unusual or suspect results and for sites where the use of depuration compounds is impractical, such as sites experiencing low average wind speeds, very cold temperatures, or remote locations.

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Towards a regional passive air sampling network and strategy for new POPs in the GRULAC region: Perspectives from the GAPS Network and first results for organophosphorus flame retardants

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals

Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals

Organophosphate esters in the Australian environment: sources, fate, and human exposure

Calibration and evaluation of PUF-PAS sampling rates across the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network

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