“…According to the same survey, the increase is even more pronounced among teens (13-17 years old), going from 36% to 51%. This rise in online anti-social behavior has impacted various groups of people, including journalists (e.g., Holton et al, 2023;Lewis et al, 2020), politicians (e.g., Anne et al, 2023;Tenove et al, 2023), academics (e.g., Gosse et al, 2023;Houlden et al, 2022), women (e.g., Esposito & Breeze, 2022;Kumar et al, 2021), LGBTQ+ (e.g., Mkhize et al, 2020;Strand & Svensson, 2022), ethnic minorities (e.g., Chaudhry & Gruzd, 2020;Li & Nicholson Jr., 2021), religious minorities (e.g., Ferguson et al, 2021;Wahlström et al, 2021), and other vulnerable groups. The motives for engaging in online antisocial behavior are varied, as studies have indicated.…”