“…The generalized coordinates xD xs, and x, are the manipulator position, sensor position and environment position respectively along the normal of the environment surface. As described in [ 2 ] , by letting x1 = xr, x2 = x,, x3 = xr, x4 = x s , x5 = x,, x6 = xe, and, x7 = z , the state space system dynamics of figure 5 is descnbed by the following equations, Figure 2, the probability that r jumps:…”