Towards a test to verify that wood has been heattreated to the ISPM15 standard

Iline, I.I.; Novoselov, M. A.; Richards, N.K.; Phillips, C.B.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5756

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…While this treatment is generally effective in killing insects, it is not expected to prevent the growth of moulds, which rather may be favoured by the treatment conditions. HT process, in fact, draws moisture and sugar (food source) to the surface of the wood, which is also warm and wet: this determines ideal conditions for the growth of mould (Lambertz and Welling 2010; Iline et al 2014;FAO 2017b). The kiln drying (KD) treatment used for drying wood at a moisture content lower than 15% is generally effective in Estimation of the wood area colonised by the fungal mycelium (% mycelial growth; see Table 3) and quantification of the sporulation ability (conidial concentration conidia/ml; see Table 4) 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of new molecules against widespread moulds for food-safe hardwood and softwood packaging

et al. 2020

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Wood packaging materials (WPMs) are widely used for collecting, storing and trading a wide range of products, including fresh fruit, vegetables and grains. The occurrence of moulds on WPMs used in the food industry must be avoided at every stage of the supply chain. This study aimed at (1) characterising fungal mould populations developing on fresh boards of hardwoods (European beech and poplar) and softwoods (Norway spruce and eastern white pine) commonly used by the packaging industry, and (2) assessing the effectiveness of two new molecules approved to come in contact with food, potassium sorbate and copper-8-quinolinolate, against mould growth and sporulation. A total of 322 fungal isolates belonging to 182 putatively different morphotypes were obtained. Spruce and beech boards were found to harbour a higher number of putatively different morphotypes compared to poplar and pine. The spectrum of fungi mostly included Ascomycota and the most abundant taxa were Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium spp. The effectiveness of the two new molecules (potassium sorbate approved for the use in both Europe and USA, and copper-8-quinolinolate approved for the use in USA only) was assessed on treated test pieces by inoculating conidial suspensions combining the three most common fungal species for each wooden material. Both preservatives showed comparable effectiveness and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) mould mycelial growth and sporulation on all the tested wooden materials compared to untreated controls, representing a suitable option for the control of moulds on WPMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of new molecules against widespread moulds for food-safe hardwood and softwood packaging

et al. 2020

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Wood borer detection rates on wood packaging materials entering the United States during different phases of ISPM 15 implementation and regulatory changes

Haack

Hardin

Caton

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Wood packaging material (WPM) used in international trade, such as crating and pallets, is recognized as a high-risk pathway for the introduction of bark- and wood-infesting insects (borers). The International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15), which sets treatment requirements for WPM, was adopted in 2002. The United States (US) implemented ISPM 15 during 2005–2006. We used 2003–2020 AQIM (Agriculture Quarantine Inspection Monitoring, conducted by USDA APHIS) data, based on standard random sampling, to compare pre-ISPM 15 borer detection rates in WPM entering the US (2003–2004) to detection rates during 2005–2006 (implementation phase), 2007–2009 (post-ISPM 15 when bark was not regulated) and 2010–2020 (post-ISPM 15 when bark was regulated). We examined borer detection rates overall for all AQIM WPM records and individually for the three main cargo survey programs within AQIM [Italian tiles, perishables, and general WPM (GWPM) for any WPM associated with containerized maritime imports], and individually for three major US trading partners (China, Italy, and Mexico). During 2003–2020, wood borers were detected in 180 of 87,571 consignments with WPM (0.21%). When compared to 2003–2004 (detection rate of 0.34%), detection rates fell 61% during 2005–2006, 47% during 2007–2009, and 36% during 2010–2020. Similar declines occurred for WPM associated with Italian tiles and perishables. However, for GWPM there was no significant reduction post-ISPM 15. WPM infestation rates were reduced significantly during various post-ISPM 15 periods for Italy and Mexico, but not for China. Seven families or subfamilies of borers were recorded in WPM with Cerambycidae and Scolytinae being most frequent. The incidence of WPM with bark fell significantly after the 2009 change to ISPM 15 that required debarked WPM. We discuss several factors that could influence the apparent effectiveness of ISPM 15.

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Towards a test to verify that wood has been heattreated to the ISPM15 standard

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Effectiveness of new molecules against widespread moulds for food-safe hardwood and softwood packaging

Effectiveness of new molecules against widespread moulds for food-safe hardwood and softwood packaging

Wood borer detection rates on wood packaging materials entering the United States during different phases of ISPM 15 implementation and regulatory changes

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