Towards a virtual test framework to predict residual compressive strength after lightning strikes

Millen, S.L.J.; Xu, X.; Lee, J.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Wisnom, M.R.; Murphy, A.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107712

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Specifically, experimental results used in the model validations include the extent of the depth and area of the delamination and material loss characterized from ultrasonic inspections and/or destructive sectioning. Moreover, a few researchers have developed models to predict the compression-after-impact (CAI) response to study the residual strength and stiffness after the lightning strike impact [8,20,66,67] and have validated their models against the CAI test results.…”

Section: Laboratory Lightning Strike Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods need to consider the damage characteristics of composite materials, including thermal decomposition of the matrix, delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber breakage, under the high-energy conditions of a lightning strike [7]. Lastly, the assessment model of residual mechanical properties, mainly for the strength of composite materials under lightning strike damages are required [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have used the MHD lightning strike electric arc plasma model not only to determine the loading conditions from the electric arc to the surface of the CFRP composites [44,46,47,111], but also to study the effect of testing configurations on the characteristics of the electric arc and the resulting damage in the anode material (e.g., metallic materials, CFRP composites) [8,44,51,112]. The latter studies have demonstrated that the arc gap (i.e., the distance between the cathode and anode) plays a significant role in determining the loading condition in the electric arc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Future Recommendations for Lightning Strike Damage Assessments of Composites: Laboratory Testing and Predictive Modeling

Wang,

Fan,

Zhupanska

2024

Materials

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Lightning strike events pose significant challenges to the structural integrity and performance of composite materials, particularly in aerospace, wind turbine blade, and infrastructure applications. Through a meticulous examination of the state-of-the-art methodologies of laboratory testing and damage predictive modeling, this review elucidates the role of simulated lightning strike tests in providing inputs required for damage modeling and experimental data for model validations. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of what is there, what are current issues, and what is still missing in both lightning strike testing and modeling to enable a robust and high-fidelity predictive capability, and challenges and future recommendations are also presented. The insights gleaned from this review are poised to catalyze advancements in the safety, reliability, and durability of composite materials under lightning strike conditions, as well as to facilitate the development of innovative lightning damage mitigation strategies.

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Section: Laboratory Lightning Strike Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Future Recommendations for Lightning Strike Damage Assessments of Composites: Laboratory Testing and Predictive Modeling

Wang,

Fan,

Zhupanska

2024

Materials

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Study on compressive performances of carbon nanotube film‐protected composite laminates after lightning strike

Li,

Cheng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Compressive performances of composite structures can be significantly decreased due to the lightning strike damage, so the structures with lightning frighten must be considered lightning protection design. In this study, compressive experiments after lightning strikes were conducted on non‐protected, 12‐layer interlaminar carbon nanotube film (CNF) protected, and traditional surface silver coating (TSSC)‐protected composite laminates. A numerical analysis procedure was established, incorporating a lightning strike ablation damage simulation (LSADS) module and compressive residual strength calculation (CRSC) module. The procedure's effectiveness was verified by the experiment results. Based on this procedure, the compressive performances and the possible failure mechanism of laminates after lightning strikes were analyzed. The results show that the laminates with TSSC protection and 12‐layer interlaminar CNF protection can increase compressive residual strength compared with non‐protected laminates. The predominant compressive damages of the laminates after lightning strikes are fiber‐matrix shear damage and fiber fracture damage. Optimized one‐layer interlaminar CNF protection with a thickness of 0.36 mm can increase the laminate compressive strength but decrease the structural weight. This study offers a reference and basis for the lightning strike protection design of composite structures.Highlights CNF in lightning strike protection of composite structures. Compressive failure mechanism of composite laminates after lightning strikes. A numerical procedure to evaluate lightning damage and compressive performances. Design of interlaminar CNF protection.

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Multiscale modelling of CFRP composites exposed to thermo-mechanical loading from fire

Wan,

Millen

2024

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Towards a virtual test framework to predict residual compressive strength after lightning strikes

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Challenges and Future Recommendations for Lightning Strike Damage Assessments of Composites: Laboratory Testing and Predictive Modeling

Challenges and Future Recommendations for Lightning Strike Damage Assessments of Composites: Laboratory Testing and Predictive Modeling

Study on compressive performances of carbon nanotube film‐protected composite laminates after lightning strike

Multiscale modelling of CFRP composites exposed to thermo-mechanical loading from fire

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