Towards achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals: The imperative of reforming water pollution control and waste management laws in Nigeria

Comprehensive evaluation of water-use efficiency in China’s Huai river basin using a cloud–compound fuzzy matter element–entropy combined model

“…WUE is also a constraining factor which needs to be solved globally. Water pollution in India, Nigeria and Freetown severely restricts the sustainable development of water resources (Kallon 2008;Adedeji and Ako 2011;Khan et al 2016). International reports have mentioned that protecting water ecological environment is to support the sustainable development of water resources (SIWI 2010; UN 2015a).…”

Rapid desk based evidence search and gap analysis on environmental degradation and pollution in developing countries

“…New mechanisms such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) may help alleviate some aspects of these destructive cycles though it is unlikely the resources these schemes provide would be sufficient to break these destructive cycles (Pattanayak et al, 2010). Industrial activities such as mining (Hilson, 2009), tanneries (Mollinga & Bogardi, 2011), oil extraction and transport (Adedeji & Ako, 2009) and agriculture (Adedeji & Ako, 2009) cause sources of a variety of different types and forms of pollution. The drivers of these extractive and productive industries are often associated with globalisation and result in complex socio-economic inequalities within the local communities engaging in the industry (Hilson, 2009).…”

“…This has consequences which include scarcity of oxygen for aquatic animals and leads to their death and further pollution of the water. Many water bodies that flow through many of Nigeria's cities and urban centres are polluted in this way (Adedeji & Ako, 2009).…”

“…These contaminate the water bodies and result in decline in the availability of quality water. Polluted water sources in the region flow into other water bodies, pollute them and further reduce the quantity of water fit for human consumption and use (Adedeji & Ako, 2009) as well as ecology of the riverine systems where terrapins and turtles have been affected by oil pollution. Similar effects of oil pollution can be found in other regions of Africa e.g.…”

“…Sediment pollution of water bodies, as a result of accelerated soil erosion is also a serious and widespread problem. For example, Nigeria is particularly threatened by agriculture derived pollution in the Northern States; soil erosion is a particular problem in the South Eastern States where agricultural practice leaves the soil bare at the start of the rainy season (Adedeji & Ako, 2009).…”