Towards an ammonia-mediated hydrogen economy?

Christensen, Claus H.; Johannessen, Tue; Sørensen, Rasmus Zink; Nørskov, Jens K.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.10.011

Cited by 434 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

242

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, NH 3 is an energy carrier formed via reduction of N 2 , analogous to the products of photosynthesis, such as CO and hydrocarbon fuels via reduction of CO 2 and splitting of H 2 O. Thus, NH 3 may find application as a hydrogen carrier [9,10] and as a fuel for alkaline fuel cells [11,12] and in internal combustion engines [13,14] (http://nh3fuelassociation.org/2013/06/20/the-amveh-an-ammoniafueled-car-from-south-korea/). Currently, NH 3 is produced industrially from N 2 and H 2 via the catalytic Haber-Bosch process at up to 300 bar and 400-5008C [7,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational design of metal nitride redox materials for solar-driven ammonia synthesis

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fixed nitrogen is an essential chemical building block for plant and animal protein, which makes ammonia (NH 3 ) a central component of synthetic fertilizer for the global production of food and biofuels. A global project on artificial photosynthesis may foster the development of production technologies for renewable NH 3 fertilizer, hydrogen carrier and combustion fuel. This article presents an alternative path for the production of NH 3 from nitrogen, water and solar energy. The process is based on a thermochemical redox cycle driven by concentrated solar process heat at 700–1200°C that yields NH 3 via the oxidation of a metal nitride with water. The metal nitride is recycled via solar-driven reduction of the oxidized redox material with nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. We employ electronic structure theory for the rational high-throughput design of novel metal nitride redox materials and to show how transition-metal doping controls the formation and consumption of nitrogen vacancies in metal nitrides. We confirm experimentally that iron doping of manganese nitride increases the concentration of nitrogen vacancies compared with no doping. The experiments are rationalized through the average energy of the dopant d-states, a descriptor for the theory-based design of advanced metal nitride redox materials to produce sustainable solar thermochemical ammonia.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational design of metal nitride redox materials for solar-driven ammonia synthesis

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dissociation of ammonia, known as "cracking" or "splitting" has advantages over hydrocarbon reformation because the dynamics are fast and the reaction occurs in one single step without the need for oxygen or steam, making the process requirements simpler and relatively cheap: (R2) Because the reaction kinetics and favourable energy requirements in comparison with methane reforming are advantageous for on-site supply, recent attempts have been made to bypass the toxicity of ammonia by storing it in the inert form of a metal ammine chloride. 38,39 It has not so far been acknowledged that urea is a naturally stable alternative. For utilisation of urea as an ammonia carrier, manipulation of urease may be required.…”

Section: Urea In Comparison With Other Chemical Hydrogen Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea as a hydrogen carrier: a perspective on its potential for safe, sustainable and long-term energy supply

Rollinson

Jones

Dupont

et al. 2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

253

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, there have been publications reporting the use of urea, as a source of hydrogen/fuel cell power. There have however been no reports that singularly assess the suitability of urea for this purpose. This article provides not only a perspective on the attributes of urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cells but also presents the findings of a review on the feasibility of utilising the enormous natural resource of urea that exists. Urea is a cheap and widely available commodity with well developed manufacturing infrastructure and a rapidly increasing volume of production. This offers rapid implementation of urea for application as a hydrogen carrie r either directly or as a source of ammonia. Compared with other industrial chemicals previously considered, urea has the advantages of being non-toxic, stable, and therefore easy to transport and store. This report reveals that the natural resource of urea could be a solution to long-term future sustainable hydrogen supply and that the present status of scientific knowledge necessary to extract this natural resource is in the most part understood. It is considered realistic that these sustainable routes could be exploited if they are given sufficient focus of research attention.

show abstract

“…Hydrogen energy is a carbon free sustainable energy source which can be used as an alternative to depleting petroleum reserves. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the feasibility of hydrogen energy technologies [2][3][4].…”

Section: Abstract: Ammonia When Blended With Hydro Carbon Fuels Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia and gasoline composite liquid fuel blends emulsified with ethanol and methanol for direct displacement in internal combustion engines

Haputhanthri¹,

Austin²,

Maxwell³

et al. 2014

IOSRJMCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Towards an ammonia-mediated hydrogen economy?

Cited by 434 publications

References 10 publications

Rational design of metal nitride redox materials for solar-driven ammonia synthesis

Rational design of metal nitride redox materials for solar-driven ammonia synthesis

Urea as a hydrogen carrier: a perspective on its potential for safe, sustainable and long-term energy supply

Ammonia and gasoline composite liquid fuel blends emulsified with ethanol and methanol for direct displacement in internal combustion engines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About