Towards an improved uniform color space

Kuehni, Rolf G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6378(199908)24:4<253::aid-col6>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Distinctions between females and males are of interest because of reported genetic differences. 10 The absence of an age effect is somewhat surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of unique hues using Munsell color chips

Kuehni¹

2000

Color Res. Appl.

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Forty observers determined their unique hues from arrays of Munsell chips in a standard surround under artificial daylight. There was some discrepancy in the results of males and females. Essentially no variability due to age of observer was found. The standard deviation around the total mean was less than 1 Munsell 40 hue step. Simple linear opponent-color a and b values were calculated. The ranges were found to straddle in all but the red color the system axes for the CIE 2°observer, but not for the 10°ob-server. NCS unique hues determined at similar chroma and lightness values fell in all cases within the ranges. The shifts in cross-over wavelengths of the color-matching functions necessary to match the extreme range values were determined to be between 6 -11 nm. The results provide support for an opponent-color system based on subtractions of color-matching functions. They also point to significant variation in color normal observers.

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“…Distinctions between females and males are of interest because of reported genetic differences. 10 The absence of an age effect is somewhat surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…)These changes are reasonable when compared with variability in the peak cone absorptions of genetically different individuals. 10 The resulting ranges are 5-8 times smaller than the ranges of the data reported in Ref. 3.…”

Section: Explanation Of the Variability Of Unique Huesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of unique hues using Munsell color chips

Kuehni¹

2000

Color Res. Appl.

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“…9 It has the effect of adjusting the lobes of the x color-matching function and thereby to better align the direction of the constant hue axis of color microspaces representing yellowish and primarily bluish colors with the CIELAB yellow-blue system axis. The general formula for the linear adjustment is:…”

Section: Value Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…9,11 Only inverse integer powers from square root to fourth root were evaluated. Separate powers for quadrants of the chromatic diagram, found useful in modeling the Munsell color space and NCS, were not found to offer advantages.…”

Section: Power Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown previously, the adjustment required to optimally align the yellow-blue system axis for OSA-UCS (10°observer data) is 1.075. 9 Kim and Nobbs have proposed a complex hue-angle-based analytical function to make the desired adjustment. It is obvious that adjustment of the x color-matching function is preferable, because it can be supported with the reported original uncertainty in fixing the relative size of the two lobes of the function and thereby has a basis in theory.…”

Section: Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of five sets of color difference data

Kuehni¹

2001

Color Res. Appl.

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In a systematic optimization process five sets of recent color difference data have been analyzed for commonalities. Adjustment of the X tristimulus values and application of a systematic, surround dependent S L function was found to be beneficial in all cases. Other modifications of the CIE94 color-difference formula were found to bring improvements only in some cases and may be spurious. Application of what seem to be nonsystematic scale factors in a range of 0.78 -1.38 improve correlation between calculated and visual color differences in all cases. After optimization, calculated color difference values explain between 80 -90% of the variation in visual color differences. Some of the datasets are shown not to be well suited for formula optimization. Optimization in all cases by set, for three sets of data by quadrant in the a * b * diagram, and for one set by subset did not reveal any additional systematic trends for improvement. It appears that the basic structure of CIE94, with the recommended modifications, is a good approximation as a model for color-difference evaluation in the range from 0.5-10 units of difference. The model is surround dependent. A number of issues remain to be resolved.

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Calculation of CIELAB hue difference adjustment factors from an ideal hue circle

Kuehni¹

1999

Color Res. Appl.

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Towards an improved uniform color space

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Determination of unique hues using Munsell color chips

Determination of unique hues using Munsell color chips

Analysis of five sets of color difference data

Calculation of CIELAB hue difference adjustment factors from an ideal hue circle

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