Towards an Improved Utilization of Dietary Amino Acids by the Growing Pig

Moughan, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-1397-2.50007-1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is assumed that the ileal digestibility of SBM lysine is at least 10% greater than that in RSM (Sauer and Ozimek, 1986;van Leeuwen et al, 1993) and equals 86 vs. 75%. However, the ileal digestibility of lysine is not always in agreement with the chemically determined availability as this amino acid (with a blocked epsilon-NH 2 group) may be digested in the small intestine (Buraczewska et al, 1973;Moughan, 1993). The digestibility of crude protein (Table 3) increased as the percentage of ash and fibre decreased, which is in agreement with published data (e.g.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Energy metabolism in growing-finishing pigs fed rapeseed meal

Chabiera¹,

Fandrejewski²,

Kotrabińska³

et al. 1994

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Thirty six Landrace pigs from 60 to 110 kg liveweight were given diets of similar available lysine and metabolizable energy contents. The feed mixtures contained an average of 16% soya bean meal (SBM) or 21 % rapeseed meal (RSM) of a double-low variety (8.7 moles glucosinolates per g fat-free dry matter). Energy retention in the body was measured by the comparative slaughter technique. The weight of the internal organs and thyroid gland and T 3 and T 4 hormone concentrations in blood samples taken at slaughter were also determined.The weight of the thyroid and liver were 55 % (P ^ 0.001) and 16% (P ^ 0.001) higher, respectively, in the animals fed RSM. The RSM diet caused no significant difference in the chemical composition of the body gain, blood T 3 and T 4 levels as in the weight of the kidneys. The maintenance requirement and energy cost of protein deposition in the body of pigs did not differ between the groups (511 kJ/kg 0 75 /d and 68 kJ/g, respectively).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Energy metabolism in growing-finishing pigs fed rapeseed meal

Chabiera¹,

Fandrejewski²,

Kotrabińska³

et al. 1994

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…In acid hydrolysis for AA analysis, some Maillard reaction compounds are degraded and the corresponding AA measured in the ion-exchange chromatogram. However, with severe over-heating, the resulting compounds are not recoverable after acid hydrolysis leading to detection of lower levels of AA in the heated protein (Mauron 1981, Moughan 1991. Because composition of all AA and, lysine in particular, were similar in raw and processed peas, it is unlikely that advanced Maillard reaction occurred in the pea during heat processing.…”

Section: Pea Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs

Owusu-Asiedu

Baidoo²,

Nyachoti

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 367-374. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility and of both processing and exogenous feed enzymes on growth performance of 16-d-old weaned piglets fed peabased diets. In exp. 1, 12 Cotswold pigs [4.5 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW)] fitted with simple-T cannulae were used to determine apparent and standardized ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in raw, extruded, and micronized peas supplemented with amylase and xylanase. In exp. 2, 70 16-d-old weaned pigs were randomly assigned to a soybean-meal-(SBM)-based control and six pea-based diets during two consecutive periods (Phase 1, 4.5-10.0, Phase 2, 10.0-20.0 kg BW). The pea-(raw, extruded and micronized) based diets were fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Pigs were weighed weekly and feed intake was monitored daily. Blood samples were obtained from 10 pigs per treatment on days 0, 7 and 14 for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) analysis. Heat processing improved (P < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of most AAs, including lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine in extruded and micronized peas, but not raw peas. The AID was higher (P < 0.05) in enzyme-supplemented extruded and micronized peas than in raw peas. Micronization improved (P < 0.05) AID of lysine from 82 to 91%. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine were higher (P < 0 .05) in extruded and micronized peabased diets than in raw pea-based diets. Mean AID of indispensable AA was numerically improved (P < 0.08) from 79 to 88.0% following micronization. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) from 1.4 to 1.20 by supplementing raw pea-based diet with amylase and xylanase in phase 1. Supplementing raw pea-based diet with enzyme resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) PUN levels from 9.01 to 5.73 mg dL -1 . The results demonstrate that compared to raw peas, extrusion and micronization improved AA digestibilities of amylase and xylanase supplemented pea-based diets and efficiency of feed utilization from 4.5 to 10.0 kg BW. However, feed intake and growth performance were not affected.Key words: Amylase, xylanase, early-weaned pig, amino acids, micronization, extrusion, digestibilities Owusu-Asiedu, A., Baidoo, S. K. et Nyachoti, C. M. 2002. Incidence du conditionnement thermique sur la digestibilité des nutriments du pois et incidence de l'addition d'amylase et de xylanase aux rations à base de pois brut, extrudé ou micronisé sur le rendement des porcs sevrés en bas âge. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 367-374. Les auteurs ont entrepris deux expériences pour élucider les effets du conditionnement thermique sur la digestibilité des nutriments ainsi que ceux de la transformation et de l'apport d'enzymes exogènes sur la croissance des porcelets de 16 jours sevrés et nourris d'une ration à base...

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“…Estimates of inevitable lysine catabolism in growing pigs range from 3% (2) up to 40% of the pig's lysine intake (1). Most estimates of lysine catabolism are between 15 and 30% of available lysine intake (3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some inevitable amino acid catabolism occurs even when amino acid intake limits PD. This appears to reflect the presence of amino acid-catabolizing enzymes in animal cells (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Potential, but Not Body Weight or Moderate Limitation of Lysine Intake, Affects Inevitable Lysine Catabolism in Growing Pigs

Moehn

Ball

Fuller³

et al. 2004

The Journal of Nutrition

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Inevitable catabolism contributes to the inefficiency of using dietary lysine intake for body protein deposition (PD). This study was conducted to determine the effects of true ileal digestible (TID) lysine intake, body weight (BW), and growth potential on lysine catabolism in growing pigs. Starting at 15 kg BW, 16 female Yorkshire pigs were offered a purified diet providing all nutrients in excess of requirements for maximum protein deposition (PDmax). At ϳ25 kg BW, the pigs' PDmax was determined using the N-balance method. Thereafter, 4 pigs were allocated to each of 4 diets, first-limiting in lysine, providing lysine intakes corresponding to 60, 70, 80, and 90% of estimated requirements for PDmax. The pigs were surgically fitted with catheters in the jugular and femoral veins. Lysine catabolism was determined at 2 BW (40 -45 kg, low; 70 -75 kg, high) either directly (oxidation) using a primed, constant infusion of L-[1-14 C]-lysine or indirectly (disappearance) using the N-balance method. There was no effect of BW on the rate (g/d) or fraction of TID lysine intake catabolized. Lysine catabolism decreased with increasing growth potential. Lysine disappearance and lysine oxidation (% of TID lysine intake) were independent of lysine intake, except for the lowest lysine intake level, where they were lower. When lysine catabolism was independent of intake, lysine oxidation based on plasma free lysine specific radioactivity (SRA) was lower (9.9% of TID intake) than lysine disappearance (17.4% of TID intake) or lysine oxidation based on liver free lysine SRA (13.4% of TID intake).

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Towards an Improved Utilization of Dietary Amino Acids by the Growing Pig

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Energy metabolism in growing-finishing pigs fed rapeseed meal

Energy metabolism in growing-finishing pigs fed rapeseed meal

Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs

Growth Potential, but Not Body Weight or Moderate Limitation of Lysine Intake, Affects Inevitable Lysine Catabolism in Growing Pigs

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