Towards an improvement of GPR-based detection of pipes and leaks in water distribution networks

Coster, Albéric De; Pérez-Medina, Jorge Luis; Nottebaere, Martijn; Alkhalifeh, Khaldoun; Neyt, Xavier; Vanderdonckt, Jean; Lambot, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.02.001

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Hence, they undergo more severe stresses, including, but not limited to, soil corrosiveness, frost penetration, overburden pressure and traffic loads. Furthermore, in most cases, pipes are not subject to preventive maintenance because their state of deterioration is invisible and unknown [23,24].…”

Section: Case Study I (Pipe Breaks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Series Analyses and Modeling of Environmental Systems: Case Studies in Kuwait

Alhumoud¹,

Almeshaan²

2020

TOCIEJ

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Background: Time series is a sequence of measurements made at regular time intervals. Tremendous work has been done on pipe break investigation and maintenance, using different models. However, the authors have not found any research work on pipe failures in water distribution networks using time series. Objective: The principal objective of this paper was to investigate the applications of time series analysis in modeling man-made (pipe breaks) and natural (rainfall) environmental systems. Methods: This objective was satisfied by employing the Time-Domain (Box-Jenkins) approach to assess two case studies in Kuwait of a water distribution network (pipe failures), and from rainfall rates measurement of a solid waste disposal site, respectively. The statistical analysis of these data was conducted with the aid of the BMDP and SAS computer software packages and by the use of the P2T programming procedure for the Box-Jenkins method. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the data and the time series models provides good estimates of pipe reliability and rainfall measurements. Conclusion: Based on the significant results, time series analyses could and should be useful by water authorities in planning pipe maintenance and inspection. Moreover, it is recommended and it would be very useful to conduct similar studies on pipes carrying other fluids such as gas, air and oil.

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Section: Case Study I (Pipe Breaks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Series Analyses and Modeling of Environmental Systems: Case Studies in Kuwait

Alhumoud¹,

Almeshaan²

2020

TOCIEJ

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“…Consequently, the penetration depth can be highly reduced, and few or no reflections are observed beyond moisture zones. Interesting results are also found when mapping water leaks in the subsurface with GPR [ 36 ], showing that water distorted the signal due to an increase of the medium permittivity below the position of the leak in two different forms: (i) a reduction of the reflection amplitude beneath the leak position because of the attenuation of the electromagnetic waves traveling through the wetter area and (ii) a delay in the reflection time due to a decrease of the wave velocity. Other relevant studies regarding the analysis of the different amplitude values of the reflected pulses are found: (i) the effect of moisture on two different walls of an early 20th century building composed of both ancient adobe and modern bricks [ 37 ], (ii) the presence of a strong anomaly associated to the presence of a high amount of moisture in a specific part of an interior vault of a room from the early 19th century [ 38 ], (iii) the generation of moisture maps of the walls and floor of a residential basement made of lightweight aggregate blocks [ 39 ], and (iv) the evaluation of moisture levels in a thick travertine wall of an ancient church in Italy thanks to the “time-stretched signal”, “ringing” effects, and variations in the signal amplitudes [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

Garrido

Solla

Lagüela

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks. This paper proposes the joint application of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the detection and classification of moisture in interior walls of a building according to its severity level. The IRT method is based on the study of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired without an application of artificial thermal excitation for the detection of superficial moisture (less than 15 mm deep in plaster with passive IRT). Additionally, in order to characterise the level of moisture severity, the Evaporative Thermal Index (ETI) was obtained for each of the moisture areas. As for GPR, with measuring capacity from 10 mm up to 30 cm depth with a 2300 MHz antenna, several algorithms were developed based on the amplitude and spectrum of the received signals for the detection and classification of moisture through the inner layers of the wall. In this work, the complementarity of both methods has proven to be an effective approach to investigate both superficial and internal moisture and their severity. Specifically, IRT allowed estimating superficial water movement, whereas GPR allowed detecting points of internal water accumulation. Thus, through the combination of both techniques, it was possible to provide an interpretation of the water displacement from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the wall, and to give a relative depth of water inside the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that more information and greater reliability can be gained by using complementary IRT-GPR, showing the benefits of combining both techniques in the building sector.

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“…La detección de fugas en sistema de tuberías de agua tienen un impacto negativo en términos de consevacion de los recursos naturales, se estima que la cantidad de agua perdida se encuentra entre el 20-30% de la producion total y puede llegar alcanzar incluso hasta el 50% para las redes de distribución mas antiguas [1]. La fuga de la tubería puede resultar, por ejemplo, de una mala mano de obra o de cualquier causa destructiva, debido a cambios repentinos de presión, acción corrosiva, grietas, defectos en las tuberías o falta de mantenimiento [2].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Modelo numérico de detección de fugas para sistema de tuberias.

Camperos

García-Guarín

Nolasco-Serna

2020

AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e Ingeniería

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La distribución usando redes hidráulicas define la planeación, producción y flexibilidad de la hidro-gestión en empresas. Sin embargo, las fugas representan perdidas económicas en términos de mantenimiento y ubicación de las fallas. En este contexto, el flujo y presión al momento de que ocurra un fallo son las variables de análisis. Como primera contribución de esta investigación proponemos simular las perdidas volumétricas de agua. De hecho, el software libre Openfoam es la herramienta computacional y el modelo de turbulencia k-ω se seleccionó para un fluido en transición, es decir fluido que esta entre el régimen laminar y turbulento. La segunda contribución de esta investigación consiste en un algoritmo para detectar fugas en un sistema de tuberías. El algoritmo está basado en Teorema de Reynolds. Respecto a los resultados obtenidos con el Teorema de Reynolds, podemos decir que resultados son comparados con una red hidráulica real, obteniendo errores porcentuales de 4% para los mejores datos y 9% para el peor, y una distancia promedio para encontrar la fuga igual a 2,7 metros. Se demostró que la presión cae de forma lineal de acuerdo con la ley de Darcy. En conexión con los resultados, en métodos tradicionales se instalan manómetros a lo largo de las tuberías para identificar esta caída de presión, si el número de manómetros no es suficiente, la fuga puede pasar indetectada. El método propuesto en este proyecto permite localizar la fuga únicamente utilizando 2 manómetros. Lo cual lo hace más práctico para el caso de tuberías de difícil acceso.

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Towards an improvement of GPR-based detection of pipes and leaks in water distribution networks

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Time Series Analyses and Modeling of Environmental Systems: Case Studies in Kuwait

Time Series Analyses and Modeling of Environmental Systems: Case Studies in Kuwait

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

Modelo numérico de detección de fugas para sistema de tuberias.

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