Towards an Ontology-Driven Blockchain Design for Supply Chain Provenance

Kim, Henry M.; Laskowski, Marek

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2828369

Cited by 91 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Until now, its application has recognized a great success in financial applications and smart contracts, but some researchers claim that it's worth investigating to think out of the box and try to figure out other application domains than cryptocurrency that this effective technology can improve considerably as Internet of things and security domains. Indeed, we already have some examples of applications that are non financial such as global identity registry systems (namecoin [79], Blockstack [8] among others), insurance applications [83], online voting [103], supply chain provenance [69], decentralized peer to peer storage platform (storj [130]) etc.…”

Section: Blockchain Based Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of things security: A top-down survey

2018

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Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the promising technologies that has attracted a lot of attention in both industrial and academic fields these years. It aims to integrate seamlessly both physical and digital worlds in one single ecosystem that makes up a new intelligent era of Internet. This technology offers a huge business value for organizations and provides opportunities for many existing applications such as energy, healthcare and other sectors. However, as new emergent technology, IoT suffers from several security issues which are most challenging than those from other fields regarding its complex environment and resources-constrained IoT devices. A lot of researches have been initiated in order to provide efficient security solutions in IoT, particularly to address resources constraints and scalability issues. Furthermore, some technologies related to networking and cryptocurrency fields such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Blockchain are revolutionizing the world of the Internet of Things thanks to their efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive top down survey of the most recent proposed security and privacy solutions in IoT. We discuss particularly the benefits that new approaches such as blockchain and Software Defined Networking can bring to the security and the privacy in IoT in terms of flexibility and scalability. Finally, we give a general classification of existing solutions and comparison based on important parameters.

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Section: Blockchain Based Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of things security: A top-down survey

2018

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“…In contrast to ERC20 tokens which cannot be distinguished, a standard for non-fungible tokens, ERC721, is proposed for handling deeds 9 . The target is to create a standardized interface for creating and trading discriminable tokens reflecting digital or physical goods.…”

Section: B Smart Contracts and The Ethereum Virtual Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, blockchain technology has been proposed for providing enhanced traceability in supply chains [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]. Major drivers originate from typical blockchain characteristics such as decentralization, verifiability and immutability that could tackle the observed shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Traceability: Token Recipes Model Manufacturing Processes

Westerkamp

Victor

Küpper

2018

2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and I

103

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Growing consumer awareness as well as manufacturers' internal quality requirements lead to novel demands on supply chain traceability. Existing centralized solutions suffer from isolated data storage and lacking trust when multiple parties are involved. Decentralized blockchain-based approaches attempt to overcome these shortcomings by creating digital representations of physical goods to facilitate tracking across multiple entities. However, they currently do not capture the transformation of goods in manufacturing processes. Therefore, the relation between ingredients and product is lost, limiting the ability to trace a product's provenance. We propose a blockchainbased supply chain traceability system using smart contracts. In such contracts, manufacturers define the composition of products in the form of recipes. Each ingredient of the recipe is a nonfungible token that corresponds to a batch of physical goods. When the recipe is applied, its ingredients are consumed and a new token is produced. This mechanism preserves the traceability of product transformations. The system is implemented for the Ethereum Virtual Machine and is applicable to any blockchain configuration that supports it. Our evaluation reveals that the gas costs scale linearly with the number of products considered in the system. This leads to the conclusion that the solution can handle complex use cases.

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“…A number of enthusiasts already proposed using this technology in various sectors and contexts, including: -Government [35], to record in a transparent way citizens' votes, or politicians' programs (for verifying if promises made have been kept) or to enable autonomous governance systems [36]; -Intellectual property [24], to certify the proof of existence and authorship of a document; -Internet [25], to reduce censorships, by exploiting the immutability of data stored in the blockchain; -Finance [37], to transfer money between parties without having to rely on banks; -Commerce [38], to record goods' characteristics as well as their ownership, especially for luxury goods, thus reducing the market of counterfeit/stolen items; -Internet of Things (IoT) [39][40][41], e.g., by exploiting smart contracts to automatically process data coming from sensors, in order to let intelligent machines interact with each other [42] and autonomously take actions when specific situations occur; -Education [43], to store information on qualifications acquired by learners, e.g., to reduce job application frauds; in this context, multiple actors (e.g., universities, training institutions, etc.) could write qualifications achieved by a person on the blockchain; human resources staff could then easily obtain information about when and where a given competency was obtained.…”

Section: Blockchain Applications In Insurance: Selected Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Insurance: Is the Technology Mature Enough?

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Blockchain is receiving increasing attention from academy and industry, since it is considered a breakthrough technology that could bring huge benefits to many different sectors. In 2017, Gartner positioned blockchain close to the peak of inflated expectations, acknowledging the enthusiasm for this technology that is now largely discussed by media. In this scenario, the risk to adopt it in the wake of enthusiasm, without objectively judging its actual added value is rather high. Insurance is one the sectors that, among others, started to carefully investigate the possibilities of blockchain. For this specific sector, however, the hype cycle shows that the technology is still in the innovation trigger phase, meaning that the spectrum of possible applications has not been fully explored yet. Insurers, as with many other companies not necessarily active only in the financial sector, are currently requested to make a hard decision, that is, whether to adopt blockchain or not, and they will only know if they were right in 3-5 years. The objective of this paper is to support actors involved in this decision process by illustrating what a blockchain is, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages, as well as discussing several use cases taken from the insurance sector, which could easily be extended to other domains.

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Towards an Ontology-Driven Blockchain Design for Supply Chain Provenance

Cited by 91 publications

References 8 publications

Internet of things security: A top-down survey

Internet of things security: A top-down survey

Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Traceability: Token Recipes Model Manufacturing Processes

Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Insurance: Is the Technology Mature Enough?

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