Towards an understanding of equine pleuropneumonia: factors relevant for control

Racklyeft, D. J.; Raidal, Sharanne; Love, Daria N.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11788.x

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous reports have similarly identified overall survival rates of approximately 50% (Racklyeft et al . ) although more recent reports suggest that with early identification and treatment, outcomes can be much improved (Arroyo et al . ; Tomlinson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of pleural effusions in horses resident in the UK

Johns

Marr

Durham³

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Pleural effusions (PE) reportedly occur most commonly secondary to bacterial pneumonia with neoplastic effusions contributing a minority of cases. The majority of reports originate from the USA and Australia, where long distance transport of horses, a recognised risk factor, may occur more frequently than in the UK. Anecdotally, a greater proportion of horses with PE are diagnosed with neoplasia in the UK than has been reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the causes of PE in horses in the UK, and to identify markers that can help differentiate between septic and neoplastic causes of PE. Medical records from 4 equine hospitals in the UK were searched for horses diagnosed with PE. Information recorded included case background, admission physical examination and biochemical findings, and characteristics of the effusion (volume, cell count, total protein [TP] concentration). A total of 69 horses were identified, with 26 (38%) diagnosed with a neoplastic effusion. The remainder were categorised as septic, including 14/43 (32.5%) that had a history of international transport. Horses with septic effusions were significantly younger (8 vs. 13 years; P = 0.001) and had significantly smaller volumes of pleural fluid drained at admission (9.8 l vs. 32.2 l; P<0.001). Horses with septic PE had a significantly higher rectal temperature (38.6°C vs. 38.2°C; P = 0.03), fibrinogen concentration (7.8 g/l vs. 5.3 g/l; P = 0.01) and serum amyloid A concentration (230 mg/l vs. 59 mg/l; P = 0.02) than those with neoplastic effusions. Significantly higher pleural fluid cell count and TP concentration were identified in horses with septic PE (63.9 × 109/l vs. 8.6 × 109/l; P<0.001; 57.5 g/l vs. 35.9 g/l; P = 0.04). These results suggest that in the UK, neoplastic effusions account for a greater proportion of PE than previously reported. A large volume of PE in an older horse with a low cell count and relatively low TP concentration should increase the index of suspicion of neoplasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of pleural effusions in horses resident in the UK

Johns

Marr

Durham³

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…These include transportation over long distances, strenuous exercise, laryngeal or pharyngeal dysfunction, or surgery with anesthesia (Racklyeft et al 2000). A 0.4% incidence of pleuropneumonia after major surgical procedures was described, and healthy, young race horses presented for elective orthopedic procedures comprised most of the affected animals in one report (Pascoe 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in the Mare

et al. 2004

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Conventionally performed equine ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is a technically demanding surgery associated with a high degree of invasiveness and morbidity. Handassisted laparoscopic surgical technique allows introduction of a hand through a portal into the laparoscopic field to facilitate surgical manipulation while maintaining abdominal insufflation and laparoscopic visualization. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a hand-assisted laparoscopic OHE technique for dorsally recumbent horses.The surgical technique was developed in terminal (2 mares) and subsequently evaluated in 6 survival procedures. Mares were fasted 48 hours, anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency for laparoscopic surgery. A hand access device (Omniport) was placed in a caudal midline laparotomy followed by 4 laparoscopic portals. Transection of the ovarian pedicle and broad ligament was achieved using a combination of a laparoscopic stapling instrument, an ultrasonically activated instrument and endoscopic clips. The genital tract was exteriorized through the laparotomy, and the body of the uterus transected and sutured in conventional pattern. Horses were evaluated through postoperative day 14 when a post mortem evaluation was performed.Four mares recuperated well after surgery, 1 mare was euthanized due to bilateral femur fractures sustained during anesthetic recovery and another developed severe pleuropneumonia. At necropsy all but one a bdominal incision was healing routinely. One mare had abscessed along the laparotomy incision and developed visceral adhesions. Uncomplicated healing of transected mesovarial, mesometrial and uterine remnants was observed in all recovered mares.

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“…In well-designed trucks where the stall dividers are well designed and there is no 627 risk of horses biting travelling companions, horses can travel untied. corticosteroids are known to further decrease the horses' defense mechanisms and may also increase 631 the risk of laminitis (Mair and Lane, 1989;Racklyeft et al, 2000). 632…”

Section: Respiratory Illness Post Transport 589mentioning

confidence: 99%