Towards an understanding of thermally activated self-healing of an ionomer system during ballistic penetration

Varley, Russell J.; Zwaag, Sybrand van der

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.008

Cited by 248 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Only a few approaches to self-healing dielectric elastomers have been presented to date, [6][7][8] and although multiple approaches to self-healing polymers and elastomers based on for example metal complexes 9 , ionomers 10,11 , hydrogen-bonding 12,13 , π-π stacking 14 and supramolecular assemblies 15,16 have been developed, there has been no focus on dielectric properties. 17 Recently, we presented a novel class of interpenetrating silicone and ionic networks exhibiting increased dielectric permittivity.…”

Section: Self-healing High-permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing, High-Permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomer

2016

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Currently used dielectric elastomers do not have the ability to self-heal after detrimental events such as tearing or electrical breakdown, which are critical issues in relation to product reliability and lifetime. In this paper, we present a self-healing dielectric elastomer that additionally possesses high dielectric permittivity and consists of an interpenetrating polymer network of silicone elastomer and ionic silicone species that are cross-linked through proton exchange between amines and acids. The ionically cross-linked silicone provides self-healing properties after electrical breakdown or cuts made directly to the material due to the reassembly of the ionic bonds that are broken during damage. The dielectric elastomers presented in this paper pave the way to increased lifetimes and the ability of dielectric elastomers to survive millions of cycles in high-voltage conditions.

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Section: Self-healing High-permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing, High-Permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomer

2016

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“…Several healing schemes have been reported in the literature primarily for healing microcracks with narrow opening, including incorporation of external healing agents such as liquid healing agent by microcapsules (White et al 2001), hollow fibres (Pang & Bond 2005) and microvascular networks (Toohey et al 2007), and solid healing agent such as embedded thermoplastic particles (TPs; Zako & Takano 1999;Voyiadjis et al 2012a). Some polymers such as ionomers (Plaisted & Nemat-Nasser 2007;Varley & van der Zwaag 2008) and thermally reversible covalent bonds (TRCBs; Liu & Chen 2007) by themselves possess healing capabilities. A combination of microcapsule and shape memory alloy (SMA) wire has also been studied (Kirkby et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A viscoplastic theory of shape memory polymer fibres with application to self-healing materials

Shojaei

2012

Proc. R. Soc. A.

103

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The difficulty in healing structural damage is that most existing schemes need external help to bring the fractured surfaces in contact before healing can occur. To facilitate the existing schemes to heal macroscopic cracks, we envision that the cracked surfaces can be brought in contact through constrained shape recovery of a shape memory polymer (SMP) fibre-reinforced grid skeleton that is embedded in thermoset polymer matrix, similar to stitch a cut in the human skin by suture. In this study, we show that polyurethane SMP fibres can be hardened through cyclic cold-drawing programming, which makes them suitable for reinforcement and healing in thermoset polymer composites. We characterized the microstructure of the SMP fibres, which provides fundamental understanding of the effect of programming on the degree of crystallinity and molecular orientation. Then, a micromechanical multiscale viscoplastic theory is developed to predict the thermomechanical behaviours of the SMP fibres, including the cyclic hardening and stress recovery responses. The proposed theory takes into account the stress-induced crystallization process and the evolution of the morphological texture based on the applied stresses. The cyclic loading and the thermomechanical responses of the SMP fibres confirm the capabilities of the proposed model in capturing these phenomena.

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“…The viscous component of healing was improved by heating the localised damage region to higher temperatures and maintaining the heat for longer times. 165 …”

Section: Viscoelastic Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healing polymers and composites

Mauldin¹,

Kessler²

2010

International Materials Reviews

235

136

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Inspired by the unique and efficient wound healing processes in biological systems, several approaches to develop synthetic polymers that can repair themselves with complete, or nearly complete, autonomy have recently been developed. This review aims to survey the rapidly expanding field of self-healing polymers by reviewing the major successful autonomic repairing mechanisms developed over the last decade. Additionally, we discuss several issues related to transferring these self-healing technologies from the laboratory to real applications, such as virgin polymer property changes as a result of the added healing functionality, healing in thin films v. bulk polymers, and healing in the presence of structural reinforcements.

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Towards an understanding of thermally activated self-healing of an ionomer system during ballistic penetration

Cited by 248 publications

References 26 publications

Self-Healing, High-Permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomer

Self-Healing, High-Permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomer

A viscoplastic theory of shape memory polymer fibres with application to self-healing materials

Self-healing polymers and composites

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