Towards Autonomous Vehicle Implementation: Issues and Opportunities

Abstract

This paper highlights the factors that should be addressed by any countries when considering Autonomous Vehicle (AV) implementation, along with issues and opportunities that may arise. AV is an emerging technology that has far-reaching applications and implications beyond all current expectations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literatures and explores a broad spectrum of readiness factors, issues and opportunities in the aspects of legislations, litigation, liability, road and surrounding infrastructures, map availability, public acceptance, privacy and public perceptions. While the intention of AV implementation may be driven to address several road safety and road efficiency issues, the traffic mix between AV and non-AV at its initial stage of implementation may introduce a negative impact towards the overall road safety and traffic operations. A systematic framework in adopting and implementing the technology should therefore be established to ensure its objectives are met. This paper contributes to the literature on the fronts that it attempts to shed light on future opportunities as well as possible issues associated with AV implementation; and provide an overall guidance on fundamental factors to be considered before implementing AV.

A CPT modified interval type-2 hesitant fuzzy PROMETHEE II model to prioritize risks in self-driving vehicles

“…Even more so, under malicious hacking, vehicle operating system malfunction may be caused remotely (Hashim et al, 2017). Edwards and Kashani (2017) argued that the used software of autonomous vehicles involves lots of codes that might be tampered with by those who work with criminal intentions, causing a safety hazard.…”

Assessing Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles for Smart and Sustainable Public Transportation in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia

“…People also have opinions on the best way to introduce driverless buses and trains to city streets. Others may choose a mixed traffic environment to imitate real-world driving circumstances [68,69], while others may favour dedicated AV lanes to avoid contact with other vehicles. While some prefer on-demand AV services, others feel more secure with predetermined itineraries.…”

Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Traffic Conditions—A Bibliometric Analysis

“…The value of the regression coefficient is 0.9945 which indicates a best fit of the exponent function and predicts a positive growth trend in the proposed research area. The discussion on autonomous vehicles is not new, the idea started back in the 1920s and gained significant importance in the 1980s with the establishment of the automated highway [2]. Although a lot of research has been conducted on autonomous vehicles in the last decade, a significant pace was only observed after 2017.…”

“…However, the total citations graph line showed a decline after 2019. It is certain that this decline is not due to lack of interest as endorsed by the significant increase in total publications, rather the decline is associated with the documents that are in a queue for The discussion on autonomous vehicles is not new, the idea started back in the 1920s and gained significant importance in the 1980s with the establishment of the automated highway [2]. Although a lot of research has been conducted on autonomous vehicles in the last decade, a significant pace was only observed after 2017.…”

“…According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), AVs are the vehicles which perform their operations without direct involvement of human drivers to control the steering, acceleration and braking. The concept of AVs started back in the 1920s and gained significant importance in the 1980s with the establishment of an automated highway [2], followed by the testing opportunity provided by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DAPRA) challenge [3,4].…”