Towards Better Injection Control and Verification of Rock Grouting

Bonin, Grant; Rombough, Vafa T.; Carter, Trevor G.; Jefferies, M. G.

doi:10.1061/9780784412350.0122

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Another method to detect hydraulic jacking that could be used as a complement is to continuously monitor, for example, flows, pressures, and apparent Lugeon values; owing to the increased use of computer monitoring in the grouting industry in the past decade, such approaches have improved rapidly (Wilson 2012;Bruce 2012). Wilson (2012) gives examples of application of apparent Lugeon theory; two other grouting approaches based on monitoring are the Aperture Control Grouting approach (Bonin et al 2012;Carter et al 2012) and the Real Time Grouting Control method (Rafi and Stille 2014).…”

Section: Discussion Of the Maximum Acceptable Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Observational Method to Manage Safety Aspects of Remedial Grouting of Concrete Dam Foundations

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussion Of the Maximum Acceptable Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Observational Method to Manage Safety Aspects of Remedial Grouting of Concrete Dam Foundations

et al. 2016

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“…The preoccupation of a designer is to define an attainable objective. This latter is often formulated in term of a minimal spread at a prescribed pressure that is generally the maximal allowable injection pressure [14]. The value of the flow rate at the minimal required spread and the maximal allowable pressure is the flow rate limit.…”

Section: Minimal Flow Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Rate of the Radial Injection of Cement Mix in a Rock Fracture

Tani¹

2018

CERJ

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A parametric relation to the radial injection of cement mix in a rock fracture is sought in the framework of the first order expansion of the lubrication model. The first order expansion challenges the zero order expansion leading to a solution that satisfies the mass and momentum equations and energy balance in its integral form. A closed form relation for the flow rate is deduced from the analytic solution. The flow rate relation has a useful application. It transforms the spread objective during grouting into a flow rate objective.

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“…During the execution of the project, the reported variations in the GIN and the maximum pressure were introduced to reduce the risk of displacement of the foundation caused by unnecessary grout injection. The inefficiency of this procedure has been illustrated by Bonin et al (2012). They recognized extensive signs of jacking in registered data and thus emphasized the need for controlling hydro jacking in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Applicability of Using GIN Method, by Considering Theoretical Approach of Grouting Design

Rafi

Stille

2015

Geotech Geol Eng

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In the practice of grouting of fractured rock, currently, empirical methods are used. Amongst them, the GIN method is popular mostly in Europe and has been tried in many projects. The concept of this method is to limit the combination of pressure and injected volume to a specific grout intensity number in order to control the energy induced in the rock fractures and to avoid uplift. However, difficulties in employing this method have been reported, which are mainly due to uncertainties in recognizing the distance of grout penetration and the state of the fractures during grouting and at the completion grouting. In this paper, the purpose has been examining the applicability of the GIN method by defining the characteristic curve of the PÁV diagram (referred to here as the hyperbola) and suggesting appropriate completion criteria based on the radius of grout spread around the borehole. This will provide the chance to assign a permitted level of fracture deformation (or jacking) to the GIN by considering the formulation of fracture deformation based on grout propagation in a previously developed theoretical approach by Stille et al. (Geotech Geol Eng 30:603-624, 2012) as a part of the Real Time Grouting Control Method. Thus, in attaining the hyperbola, the identified radius of grout spread is achieved and the resulting fracture deformation at this completion point can be beneficial in improving penetrability. However, if the full extent of this deformation extends beyond the grouted zone, part of the fracture may remain un-grouted, and this will affect the sealing efficiency of the grouting program. This may be continued by selecting a smaller GIN and reducing the grouting pressure as the real time pressure-volume plot moves along the hyperbola, which will bring the fracture back to its initial state as grouting approaches the completion point, i.e. when the grout has spread to the desired distance. This hypothesis has been examined against the grouting works performed in three different real projects, for which the grouting parameters can be determined from the available grouting records. It is concluded that the GIN used in practice was much higher than the theoretically estimated values obtained through the proposed analytical solution. Furthermore, in the grouting of fractures close to the surface, the radius of grout spread impacts the GIN significantly, and only a limited grouting pressure is applicable, thus in using split spacing technique in such circumstances, different GINs should be selected for different sets of boreholes to obtain enough propagation at the maximum applicable pressure. The introduced analytical solution introduced in this paper can be a useful procedure for designing the GIN based on the grout spread. Nevertheless, it becomes complicated in dealing with fracture deformation. In a difficult grouting case where the demand for sealing is high, the recommendation is to use the proposed theoretical approach, which provides detailed information during the actual grouting procedure, by estimat...

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Towards Better Injection Control and Verification of Rock Grouting

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Using Observational Method to Manage Safety Aspects of Remedial Grouting of Concrete Dam Foundations

Using Observational Method to Manage Safety Aspects of Remedial Grouting of Concrete Dam Foundations

Flow Rate of the Radial Injection of Cement Mix in a Rock Fracture

Applicability of Using GIN Method, by Considering Theoretical Approach of Grouting Design

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