Towards biological quantity theory for nominal property metrology in polyenzymatic devices with living cells

Abstract

Here we discuss the concepts of “biological quantity” and “nominal property” within the framework of the problem of biological measurements based on new specific results of biological analysis using a microfluidic platform and chips developed by our team earlier. It was shown that based on different microfluidic platforms it is possible to develop chips with a polyenzymatic bioluminescent system NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase (Red + Luc), which can be used in various areas of biological analysis. Thus, disposable microfluidic chips with Red + Luc system suitable for field and indoor use were developed using continuous flow microfluidic platform. The use of droplet-based microfluidic platform allowed to develop microfluidic chips with Red + Luc system for long-term continuous measurements of water samples, for example, in places of waste disposal by industrial enterprises. The reference for comparing different biological quantities with each other in the proposed system was a photodetector, which converted non-numeric values and nominal properties recorded by a biological module Red + Luc into numerical variables. Such a reference was implemented as a portable luminometer based on silicon photomultiplier. The results allow to perform other biological measurements and to start the discussion of modern biological concepts in the language of biological measures.

Toward Bioluminescent Materials by Plasma Treatment of Microfibrous Nonwovens, Followed by Immobilization of One or Both Enzyme(s) (Luciferase and FMN Reductase) Involved in Luminescent Bacteria

“…High porosity, low-pressure drop, and high mechanical strength of nonwoven PET provides interesting characteristics for its use in bioprocesses. Normally, the application of luminous bacteria system has been explored for use in environmental biosensors and bioassays based on reaction system , and immobilization of enzymes on polymer gels, microfluidic chip, and polymer beads. − However, in the current study, the luminous bacteria reaction system was activated through enzyme(s) immobilization on the textile surface and the corresponding light intensity was measured and discussed. Further research work is required to stabilize the system and optimize the luminescence in the presence of specified enzyme concentration with excess substrate concentration along with more efficient enzyme adsorption for its continuous reaction mechanism process.…”

“…20 Recently, a microfluidic chip based on Red + Luc system was developed. 21 Coimmobilization of other enzymes (GOX and HR) has been mostly carried out on micro-or nanoparticles, polymer beads, or L-B-L polyelectrolytes. 22 Also, studies about the activation of PVA-co-PE nanofiber for immobilization of firefly luciferase have been carried out.…”

“…The bioluminescent bacterial system being nontoxic has been a subject of research interest for the development of different applications such as toxicity measurement. , The immobilization of bacterial enzyme luciferase (Luc) involved in the bioluminescent bacterial system has allowed practical applications in medical diagnosis, biotechnology, environmental protection, as well as high-sensitivity enzymatic assay determination. − Coimmobilization on solids has been carried out through a DNA-directed assembly of bacterial system enzymes and by immobilization in polymer gels for bioluminescent analysis . Recently, a microfluidic chip based on Red + Luc system was developed . Coimmobilization of other enzymes (GOX and HR) has been mostly carried out on micro- or nanoparticles, polymer beads, or L-B-L polyelectrolytes .…”

Droplet Microfluidic Device for Chemoenzymatic Sensing

“…The developed microfluidic immobilized enzymes reactor in droplets (MIERID) could become the basis for studying biological measures [ 62 ], the evolution of ensembles of chemoenzymatic systems in MIERID and allow their joint immobilization with chemical molecules, subcellular structures, individual cells and microorganisms. For biomedical application, cells could be added to the droplets.…”