Towards bone-like elastic modulus in Ti Nb Sn alloys with large recovery strain for biomedical applications

Achievement of Ultralow Elastic Modulus through Optimization of Phase Stability and Recrystallization Texture in Ti–Nb–Fe–Sn Alloys

“…The effect of Sn on Young's modulus is consistent with the previous study on Ti–15Nb–(4–6)Sn alloys. [ 42 ] Li et al reported that a very low modulus of 31.5 GPa was achieved in a Ti–15Nb–5.5Sn alloy, which was attributed to the absence of the athermal ω phase and the formation of a strong {110} β <001> β texture. [ 42 ] They also suggested that a modified Mo eq proposed by Wang et al was useful to assess the β phase stability of Sn‐containing Ti alloys.…”

“…[42] Li et al reported that a very low modulus of 31.5 GPa was achieved in a Ti-15Nb-5.5Sn alloy, which was attributed to the absence of the athermal ω phase and the formation of a strong {110} β <001> β texture. [42] They also suggested that a modified Mo eq proposed by Wang et al was useful to assess the β phase stability of Sn-containing Ti alloys. [42,51] In Figure 11b, Young's modulus of the Ti-(3-9)Nb-3Fe-4Sn and Ti-5Nb-3Fe-(0-6)Sn alloys is plotted as a function of Mo eq .…”

“…On the other hand, the molybdenum equivalent (Mo eq ) was useful to assess the β phase stability of Sn or Zr‐contained alloys. [ 42,51 ] In this study, a modified Mo eq proposed by Wang et al ([Mo eq ] = [Mo] + 0.28[Nb] + 1.93[Fe] + 0.30[Sn]+… (wt%)) was used to evaluate the β phase stability. [ 51 ] Wang et al claimed that the Mo eq values of β–Ti alloys with lower Young's moduli in the range of 40–70 GPa were close to the critical Mo eq value of 11.8 wt% Mo.…”

“…On the other hand, the molybdenum equivalent (Mo eq ) was useful to assess the β phase stability of Sn or Zr-contained alloys. [42,51] In this study, a modified Mo eq proposed by Wang et al…”

“…[8,37] In multicomponent alloys, such as Ti-Nb-Zr, Ti-Nb-Sn, and Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn, the lower limit of e/a to maintain the β phase was reduced to about 4.15 and then very low Young's modulus <60 GPa can be achieved. [12,19,30,41,42] This is due to the fact that the addition of Zr or Sn did not change the e/a value of Ti alloys, although they suppressed the martensitic transformation from the β phase to the α 00 phase in Ti-Nb alloys. On the other hand, the molybdenum equivalent (Mo eq ) was useful to assess the β phase stability of Sn or Zr-contained alloys.…”