Towards Clinically Relevant Oculomotor Biomarkers in Early Schizophrenia

Athanasopoulos, Fotios; Saprikis, Orionas-Vasilis; Margeli, Myrto; Klein, Christoph; Smyrnis, Nikolaos

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.688683

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…Eye movement studies in psychiatric diseases are more sparse then those in neurologic disorders. Impairments in different oculomotor paradigms have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD) (62,63), in bipolar disorder (BD) (62,64), in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (65), in anorexia nervosa (AN) (66) and especially in schizophrenia (SCZ) (67)(68)(69) with some researchers considering them as potential biomarkers (63,(70)(71)(72) while others remain more skeptical (68,73).…”

Section: Swj In Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry

Zachou,

Armenis,

Stamelos

et al. 2024

Front. Ophthalmol.

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Human eye fixation is steadily interrupted by small, physiological or abnormal, eye movements. Square-wave jerks (SWJ) are the most common saccadic intrusion which can be readily seen at the bedside and also quantified using oculographic techniques. Various neurological, neuropsychiatric and psychiatric disorders display abnormal fixational eye movement patterns characterized by frequent SWJ. For the clinician, SWJ are particularly important because they can be readily observed at the bedside. Here, we will discuss the pathological conditions that present with SWJ and explore the expanding body of literature suggesting that SWJ may serve as a potential indicator for various clinical conditions.

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Section: Swj In Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry

Zachou,

Armenis,

Stamelos

et al. 2024

Front. Ophthalmol.

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“…Eye tracking (ET) technology has become an increasingly popular tool for studying cognitive impairments in patients with various neurological disorders 10. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using ET to improve the understanding of cognitive processes in individuals with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 11 12. ET technology enables the objective recording and visualisation of gaze positions and scan paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of eye-tracking-based attention training for patients with poststroke cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a prospective, single-blinded, single-centre, randomised controlled trial in China

Wang,

You,

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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IntroductionPoststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common dysfunction that places a great burden on patients who had stroke and their families. Approximately 46%–92% of stroke survivors experience some degree of attention problems after a stroke. Improving attention is considered the core of successfully improving cognitive function and reintegrating patients into daily life. Eye tracking technology provides real-time feedback and accurate monitoring of cognitive processing, and using this technology to introduce attention training may improve patient treatment outcomes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether eye-tracking-based attention training has a positive effect on patients with PSCI.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective randomised controlled trial. We will recruit 48 patients with PSCI referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, in Southwest China. The participants will be randomly distributed into two groups. Both groups will undergo conventional rehabilitation for 3 weeks, and the intervention group will receive 3 weeks of eye-tracking-based attention training (20–30 min/day). The primary outcome will be the patients’ cognitive function, measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The secondary outcomes will be the patients’ attention, independence of daily activities and event-related potential. These outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment (3 weeks) and at follow-up (1 month and 3 months after treatment). We will report the statistics and estimations using 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationThis trial received ethics approval from the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2023 review No. 258). The results from this study will be disseminated via academic publication.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068727.

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“…18,19 Our choice of the tasks is based on a significant body of research showing that assessment of movement, behaviour and cognitive function allows to accurately differentiate between people with schizophrenia and general population. 18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In particular, motor and executive functions 18,30 as well as eye movements 24,27 were shown to hold promising diagnostic potential. In addition, deficits in motor coordination were recently shown to be markers of long-term clinical outcomes, 31 while performance in TMT was shown to differ in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis who transitioned from those who did not transition to psychosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital behavioural tests as diagnostic aid for psychosis

Słowiński

White

Lison

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Timely interventions have a proven benefit for people experiencing psychotic illness. One bottleneck to accessing timely interventions is the referral process to the specialist team for early psychosis (STEP). Many general practitioners lack awareness or confidence in recognising psychotic symptoms or state. Additionally, referrals for people without apparent psychotic symptoms, although beneficial at a population level, lead to excessive workload for STEPs. There is a clear unmet need for accurate stratification of STEPs users and healthy cohorts that this study aimed to investigate by applying digital behavioural tests. Methods: To discriminate between the STEPs users (SU; n=32) and controls (n=32, age and sex matched), we employed naive Bayes classifier, and applied it to objective, quantitative and interpretable features of a "mirror game" (MG) and trail making task (TMT). The MG is a movement coordination task shown to be a potential socio-motor biomarker of schizophrenia, while TMT is a neuropsychiatric test of cognitive function. Findings: The proposed classifier shows an excellent performance, AUC = 0.92 (95%CI 0.75-1), Sensitivity = 0.88 (95%CI 0.62-1), Specificity = 1 (95%CI 0.75-1), evaluated on 25% hold-out and 1000 folds. The study demonstrates that cheap off-the-shelf equipment (laptop computer and a leap motion sensor) records clinically relevant behavioural data sufficiently. We also find that MG and TMT are unsuitable in isolation to successfully differentiate between SU with and without at-risk-mental-state or first episode psychosis with sufficient level of performance. Interpretation: Including digital behavioural tests into healthcare practice could allow improvements in care for people at risk of developing psychotic illness. Our findings show that introduction of standardised battery of digital behavioural tests would benefit both clinical and research practice. It would allow standardization of referrals, while the high specificity of digital behavioural tests would benefit research on prognostic instruments for psychosis by enriching and homogenising clinical high-risk populations. Here we demonstrate that digital behavioural tests can be successfully used and could help to address this need. Funding: EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account, Impact & Knowledge Exchange Award, Jean Golding Institute seed corn, Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust Research Capability Funding. PS was generously supported by the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Award 204909/Z/16/Z. KTA gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the EPSRC via grant EP/T017856/1.

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Towards Clinically Relevant Oculomotor Biomarkers in Early Schizophrenia

Cited by 7 publications

References 117 publications

Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry

Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry

Effect of eye-tracking-based attention training for patients with poststroke cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a prospective, single-blinded, single-centre, randomised controlled trial in China

Digital behavioural tests as diagnostic aid for psychosis

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