Towards continuous monitoring of aerosol hygroscopicity by Raman lidar measurements at the EARLINET station of Payerne

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study focuses on the analysis of aerosol hygroscopicity using remote sensing technique. Continuous observations of aerosol backscatter coefficient, temperature and water vapour mixing ratio are performed by means of a Raman lidar system at the aerological station of MeteoSwiss at Payerne (Switzerland) since 2008. These measurements allow us to monitor in a continuous way any change of aerosol properties as a function of the relative humidity (RH). These changes can be observed either in time at constant altitude or in altitude at a constant time. The accuracy and precision of RH measurements from the lidar have been evaluated using the radiosonde (RS) technique as reference. A total of 172 RSs were used in this intercomparison which revealed a small bias (< 4 %RH) and standard deviation (< 10 %RH) in the whole troposphere between both techniques indicating the good performance of the lidar for characterizing RH. A methodology to identify aerosol hygroscopic conditions has been established and the aerosol hygroscopicity has been characterized by means of the backscatter enhancement factor (<i>f</i><sub>β</sub>). Two case studies, corresponding to different types of aerosol are used to illustrate the potential of this methodology. The first case corresponds to a mixture of rural aerosol and smoke particles which showed a higher hygroscopicity (<i>f</i><sub>β</sub><sup>355</sup> = 2.8 and <i>f</i><sub>β</sub><sup>1064</sup> = 1.8 in the RH range 73 %–97 %) than the second case, in which mineral dust was present(<i>f</i><sub>β</sub><sup>355</sup> = 1.2 and <i>f</i><sub>β</sub><sup>1064</sup> = 1.1 in the RH range 68 %–84 %). The higher sensitivity of the shortest wavelength to hygroscopic growth is qualitatively reproduced using Mie simulations. In addition, a good agreement was found between the hygroscopic analysis done in the vertical and in time for case I, where the latter also allowed to observe the hydration and dehydration of this type of aerosol. Finally, the impact of aerosol hygroscopicity on the Earth's radiative balance has been evaluated using the GAME (Global Atmospheric Model) radiative transfer model. The model showed a significant impact with an increase in absolute value of 2.4 W/m<sup>2</sup> at the surface with respect to the dry conditions for the hygroscopic layer of case I (with presence of smoke).</p>