Towards effective lignin conversion: HZSM-5 catalyzed one-pot solvolytic depolymerization/hydrodeoxygenation of lignin into value added compounds

Singh, Sunit Kumar; Ekhe, J. D.

doi:10.1039/c4ra02968b

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, the authors observed that some of the monomers were ethoxylated and they pointed out that this will lower their repolymerization tendency. 17 Over a copper-doped porous metal oxide catalyst, one-pot conversion of pine wood flour to liquid fuels in supercritical methanol (573-593 K, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] under H 2 atmosphere obtained from methanol reforming and water gas shift reactions was reported. 18 The liquid products from the reaction at 593 K for 8 h contain 9.1 wt% C2-C6 higher alcohols and ethers, and 4.0 wt% C9-C12 substituted cyclohexyl alcohols and ethers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Pathways in Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin to Platform Chemicals over Molybdenum-Based Catalysts

et al. 2015

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One-pot complete catalytic ethanolysis of Kraft lignin into C6–C10 chemicals, that is, aliphatic alcohols, esters, phenols, benzyl alcohols, and arenes, is achieved with a batch reactor over a number of supported molybdenum-based catalysts at 553 K in pure ethanol under autogenous pressure of 10.6 MPa. Metallic molybdenum, its carbide, and nitride all show remarkable activity, with the carbide and metallic catalysts giving the higher overall yields: 1640 and 1390 mg/g lignin, respectively. The major phases composing the catalysts are well-preserved after the reaction; however, the detection of Mo(V) species verifies the partial oxidation of molybdenum, which leads to the formation of the dissociative Mo species, such as molybdenum V ethoxide, in the fluid phase. Through the product analysis and catalyst characterization, the common route of lignin conversion to value added chemicals over the Mo-based catalyst is presented in detail. Kraft lignin is first fragmented into segments with m/z ∼ 700–1400 via a noncatalytic ethanolysis process. Meanwhile, the main active Mo(V) species dissociate from the solid catalyst into the fluid due to the interaction of ethanol. Then mainly the dissociative species catalyze, with the participation of the radicals, the further degradation of the segments into small molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Pathways in Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin to Platform Chemicals over Molybdenum-Based Catalysts

et al. 2015

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“…However they only varied the reaction time between 0 and 120 min, which is short compared to the timeframe of the experimental work by Joffres et al Oasmaa and Johansson found that increasing the reaction time from 10 to 60 min led to an increase in the proportion of low molecular weight material from 41.4% to 62.8%. A positive effect of reaction time on the yields of low molecular weight products was also described for experiments using hydrogen donor solvents . Singh and Ekhe found an optimal reaction time for low molecular weight product yields of up to 7 h while Huang et al found that increasing reaction times from 0.5 to 2 h decreased the average molecular weight of the degradation products from 1550 to 1040 g mol −1 , even though the overall effects on the degraded lignin yield and char formation were minimal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Hydrogen donor solvents can also be used in hydrotreating rather than gaseous hydrogen . Hydrogen donor solvents could result in the use of relatively lower working temperatures (220–300°C) than those needed for hydrotreating with gaseous hydrogen (up to 500°C) . Furthermore, hydrogen donor solvents can increase the degraded lignin yield and prevent char formation by avoiding repolymerization of reaction intermediates …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment of alkaline lignin as technological valorization options for future biorefinery concepts: a review

Rutten

Ramírez

Posada

2016

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Lignin has the potential to be a sustainable resource for producing biobased chemicals (e.g. phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, vanillin) for multiple applications. However, given its heterogeneous and rigid structure, its efficient conversion to value‐added products remains one of the most important limiting factors for the successful viability of the biobased economy. Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment (including liquefaction, gasification and wet oxidation) are promising technologies that can convert lignin into biobased products. This review article provides a literature overview of how key process parameters of hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment (operating conditions, catalysts, solvents, type of starting lignin) may influence the conversion of alkaline lignin into valuable chemical products. It was observed that low selectivity to products (and subsequent required separation and purification) and char formation are the main hurdles for effective conversion of alkaline lignin. However, experimental work in alternative catalytic systems, solvents and hydrogen sources has shown that promising opportunities exist to overcome these drawbacks. Certain catalysts (e.g. Ru/Al2O3) have been found to improve selectivity and the use of alcohol solvents (especially methanol or ethanol) as a hydrogen source has been found to improve product yields and reduce char formation at lower working temperatures and pressures. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are the three main biopolymers of LC biomass [10][11][12]. Lignin is a key feedstock for production of biofuels and future bioenergy [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of 4-methylanisole in a catalytic reactor with electric discharges: A novel approach to O-removal from bio-oils

Taghvaei

Hosseinzadeh

Rezazadeh

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Towards effective lignin conversion: HZSM-5 catalyzed one-pot solvolytic depolymerization/hydrodeoxygenation of lignin into value added compounds

Cited by 74 publications

References 24 publications

Common Pathways in Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin to Platform Chemicals over Molybdenum-Based Catalysts

Common Pathways in Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin to Platform Chemicals over Molybdenum-Based Catalysts

Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment of alkaline lignin as technological valorization options for future biorefinery concepts: a review

Upgrading of 4-methylanisole in a catalytic reactor with electric discharges: A novel approach to O-removal from bio-oils

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