Towards encoded particles for highly multiplexed colorimetric point of care autoantibody detection

Abstract

Highly multiplexed point of care tests could improve diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnostic capacity in for instance emergency medicine and low resource environments. Available technology platforms for POC biomarker detection are typically simplex or low-plexed, whereas common lab-based microarray systems allow for the simultaneous detection of thousands of DNA or protein biomarkers. In this study, we demonstrate a novel suspension particle array platform that utilizes 900 μm bricks for POC amenable colorimetric biomarker detection with an encoding capacity of over two million. Due to the mm-scale size, both the lithographic codes and colorimetric signals of individual particles can be visualized using a consumer grade office flatbed scanner, with a potential for simultaneous imaging of around 19 000 particles per scan. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 4 ng ml using an antibody model system. As a proof of concept, autoantibodies toward anoctamin 2 were detected in order to discriminate between multiple sclerosis plasma samples and healthy controls with p < 0.0001 and an inter-assay % CV of 9.44%.

Microspinning: Local Surface Mixing via Rotation of Magnetic Microparticles for Efficient Small-Volume Bioassays

“…This integration will accelerate the efficiency of bioassays utilizing microparticles. For example, if this platform can be integrated to a point-of-care (POC) study utilizing encoded microparticles, the multiplexed colorimetric POC autoantibody detection will achieve a faster reaction in a reduced time [23].…”

“…In addition, these polymeric microparticles are designed to have the shape code on their surface for use in multiplexed bioassays (Supplementary Figure S2). Multiplexed bioassays using shape-encoded microparticles enable the simultaneous detection and quantitation of multiple secreted proteins in a single microwell [21][22][23]. Thus, shape-encoded microparticles with 1D chains of magnetic nanoparticles are capable of using both magnetic attraction and magnetic rotating, which can result in diverse functional advantages in comprehensive bioassays (Figure 1b).…”

Divide and conquer: A perspective on biochips for single-cell and rare-molecule analysis by next-generation sequencing

“…Therefore, from bacterial identification to environmental DNA profiling, addressing a wide range of different biological questions will be the next endeavor, to utilize the full potential of NGS. Some other examples of biochips that are being developed extensively include organ-on-chip devices, in vitro drug screening platforms, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 63 particle-based biochips, 64,65 inertial flow biochips, 66–68 and point-of-care devices 69,70 . All these biochips are theoretically compatible with the NGS platform, if slightly modified to be suitable for biochemistry technologies, whether they are available or being developed.…”

Emerging barcode particles for multiplex bioassays

“…In this study, eight very different colors are used to realize multilevel encoding, resulting in geometric growth of the encoding capability with the 5d also shows a novel platform that combines the high coding capacity with the easy-to-read colorimetry appropriate for an assay, in which 900 μm barcodes are encoded with four different kinds of symbols, including numbers, alphabets, punctuations and so on. The barcodes with about two million codes can be covalently linked with adhesive molecules [127]. The use of this platform to realize the colorimetric bioassay of analytes has been demonstrated and it also can be really employed for many applications including autoantibody test.…”