Towards enhanced sodium storage of hard carbon anodes: Regulating the oxygen content in precursor by low-temperature hydrogen reduction

Song, Mingxin; Yi, Zonglin; Xu, Ran; Chen, Jingpeng; Cheng, Jie‐Fei; Wang, Zhe-Fan; Liu, Qianlei; Guo, Quangui; Xie, Lingling; Chen, Cheng-Meng

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2022.07.005

Cited by 125 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As shown in Figure a, the G band gradually shifts toward lower wavenumbers upon discharging in the plateau region. This redshift phenomenon is related to elongation of the C–C bond length and weakness of the bond, , which is caused by the electron occupation in the π* antibonding band when Na + are embedded in the pseudographitic layer. − This phenomenon indicates that the intercalation process occurred in the plateau rather than the slope region. Furthermore, the I D / I G values at various states of charge are also counted and displayed in the Figure b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Interlayer Spacing Optimization toward Ultrastable Na-Ion Storage

Hou

Lei

Jiang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Hard carbons as a kind of nongraphitized amorphous carbon have been recognized as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its large interlayer spacing. However, the issues in terms of onerous synthetic procedure and elusive working mechanism remains critical bottlenecks for practical implement. Herein, we report a facile production of tubular hard carbon through direct carbonization of platanus flosses (FHC) for the first time. Through optimizing the pyrolysis temperatures, the FHC obtained at 1300 °C possesses a key balance between the interlayer spacing and surface area, which can maintain the substantial active sites as well as reduce the irreversible sodium storage. Accordingly, it can deliver a reversible capacity of 324.6 mAh g–1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 80%, superb rate property of 107.2 mAh g–1 at 2 A g–1, and long operating stability over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the in situ Raman spectroscopic studies certify that sodium ions are stored in FHC following the “adsorption–insertion” mechanism. Our study could provide a promising route for large-scale development of the biomass-derived carbonaceous anodes for high-performance SIBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Interlayer Spacing Optimization toward Ultrastable Na-Ion Storage

Hou

Lei

Jiang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The GITT curves of the N/S-HC electrode present high symmetry, which exhibits that the charging and discharging processes of electrode materials are reversible. Furthermore, according to Fick’s second law, D Na + is calculated by D normalN a + = 4 π τ true( m B V m M B s true) 2 true( normalΔ E s normalΔ E τ true) 2 Here, τ (s) is the pulse duration, M B is the molar mass of carbon, m B (g) and S (cm 2 ) are the active mass and surface area, respectively, V m (cm 3 mol –1 ) is the molar volume, and Δ E S (V) and Δ E τ (V) are the voltage changes caused by the current pulse and galvanostatic discharge, respectively. As shown in Figure h,i, the Na + diffusion kinetics of the N/S-HC electrodes are generally higher than those of HC and N-HC electrodes during the sodiation/desodiation process, demonstrating that the proper spacing between stable layers of the N/S-HC skeleton structure arising from the uniform heteroatom doping ensures smooth intercalation and removal of sodium ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Precursor Modulation toward Selective Heteroatom Doping in a Hard-Carbon Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Zhang,

Yang,

Xiao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Hard carbon (HC) doped with heteroatoms is considered an ideal anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its abundance and stable physicochemical properties. However, it is still necessary to break through the constraints of batch consistency, low Coulombic efficiency, and limited cyclability in practical applications. Herein, a flexible molecular design of precursors toward selective heteroatoms doping strategy is proposed, and uniform nitrogen/sulfur mono- or codoped hard carbon with batch consistency is prepared in situ from benzoxazine resin in one step as an HC anode of SIBs. The HC prepared by this efficient batch-consistent and controllable synthesis strategy forms a multiactive site-wide interlayer spacing-stabilized skeleton coupling structure, which facilitates electron/ion transport, improves electrolyte wettability, and comprehensively improves sodium storage performance. The nitrogen–sulfur codoped hard carbon (N/S-HC) shows excellent rate performance (280 mAh g–1 at 30 mA g–1 and 166 mAh g–1 at 600 mA g–1) and long cycle life with capacity retention of 88% at 600 mA g–1 after 2000 cycles. Kinetic investigation indicates that N/S codoping enhanced the adsorption and diffusion of Na+, and ex situ Raman test revealed the Na+ storage mechanism of N/S-HC. This work provides an important view of optimizing Na+ storage performances of HC anodes by molecular design engineering, which can be broadened into other electrode materials.

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“…S12 ). Because solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films are mainly formed on the surface of electrode materials [ 40 ], the low ICE is mainly caused by the high specific surface area (Fig. S13 ) and structural defects of the HC-1200 electrode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermopressure Coupling Effect Mimicking Natural Graphite Formation to Enhance the Storage K–Ion Performance of Carbonaceous Heterostructures

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Research

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Borrowing from natural mechanisms for material design can lead to functional mimicry and improvement. Inspired by graphite formation, a thermopressure coupling strategy under micropressure (<400 Pa) is applied to prepare carbon anodes. A thermopressure response is discovered based on the cellulose precursor. Here, homologous graphene quantum dot/hard carbon (GQD/HC) heterostructures are synthesized. Under 181.4 Pa and 1,200 °C, the product shows a capacity of 310 mAh g −1 , while the capacity of the direct carbonization product is only 120 mAh g −1 . Prominently, the GQD/HC heterostructure displays marked mechanical strength and flexibility. The experimental and theoretical results illustrate the ion and electron transfer, coordination environment, and electronic states in the GQD/HC heterostructure and elaborate on the origin of the enhanced performance. The thermopressure coupling under micropressure mimics graphite formation, but the heterostructure has better properties than traditional carbon materials. Additionally, micropressure injects new vitality into material research.

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Towards enhanced sodium storage of hard carbon anodes: Regulating the oxygen content in precursor by low-temperature hydrogen reduction

Cited by 125 publications

References 47 publications

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Interlayer Spacing Optimization toward Ultrastable Na-Ion Storage

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon with Interlayer Spacing Optimization toward Ultrastable Na-Ion Storage

Flexible Precursor Modulation toward Selective Heteroatom Doping in a Hard-Carbon Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Thermopressure Coupling Effect Mimicking Natural Graphite Formation to Enhance the Storage K–Ion Performance of Carbonaceous Heterostructures

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