Towards guidelines to harmonize textural features in PET: Haralick textural features vary with image noise, but exposure-invariant domains enable comparable PET radiomics

Prenosil, George; Weitzel, Thilo; Fürstner, Markus; Hentschel, Michael; Krause, Thomas; Cumming, Paul; Rominger, Axel; Klaeser, Bernd

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229560

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Shortening image acquisition durations broadens intensity distributions and should shift the supremum (of a set of values) found within a VOI towards higher values. Furthermore, low counts give rise to tail-heavy distributions in images reconstructed using OSEM and PSF-based algorithms [ 14 ], and the choice of reconstruction algorithm can have a significant effect on lesion quantification [ 13 ] Therefore, SUVmax, by definition the supremum, is expected to rise when lowering image count [ 14 , 15 ]. However, when considering all SUVmax values found in our study, no clear differences can be seen between images for different list-mode acquisitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital PET/CT allows for shorter acquisition protocols or reduced radiopharmaceutical dose in [18F]-FDG PET/CT

et al. 2021

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Purpose To establish the feasibility of shorter acquisition times (and by analogy, applied activity) on tumour detection and lesion contrast in digital PET/CT. Methods Twenty-one randomly selected patients who underwent oncological [18F]-FDG PET/CT on a digital PET/CT were retrospectively evaluated. Scan data were anonymously obtained and reconstructed in list-mode acquisition for a standard 2 min/bed position (bp), 1 min/bp and 30 s/bp (100%, 50% and 25% time or applied activity, respectively). Scans were randomized and read by two nuclear medicine physicians in a consensus read. Readers were blind to clinical details. Scans were evaluated for the number of pathological lesions detected. Measured uptake for lesions was evaluated by maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean, respectively) and tumour-to-backround ratio (TBR) were compared. Agreement between the three acquisitions was compared by Krippendorf’s alpha. Results Overall n = 100 lesions were identified in the 2 min and 1 min/bp acquisitions and n = 98 lesions in the 30 s/bp acquisitions. Agreement between the three acquisitions with respect to lesion number and tumour-to-background ratio showed almost perfect agreement (K’s α = 0.999). SUVmax, SUVmean and TBR likewise showed > 98% agreement, with longer acquisitions being associated with slightly higher mean TBR (2 min/bp 7.94 ± 4.41 versus 30 s/bp 7.84 ± 4.22, p < 0.05). Conclusion Shorter acquisition times have traditionally been associated with reduced lesion detectability or the requirement for larger amounts of radiotracer activity. These data confirm that this is not the case for new-generation digital PET scanners, where the known higher sensitivity results in clinically adequate images for shorter acquisitions. Only a small variation in the semi-quantitative parameters SUVmax, SUVmean and TBR was seen, confirming that either reduction of acquisition time or (by analogy) applied activity can be reduced as much as 75% in digital PET/CT without apparent clinical detriment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital PET/CT allows for shorter acquisition protocols or reduced radiopharmaceutical dose in [18F]-FDG PET/CT

et al. 2021

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“…Lesions evaluated at different emulated scan times (obtained by binning the list mode data with different frame durations) for the LAFOV, and for the routine SAFOV acquisitions, were evaluated by comparison of lesion signal or integral measured activity: where A l is lesion activity concentration in Bq/ml (where activities were decay corrected to time of injection) and T LM is the acquisition duration in seconds (s), where scan acquisition duration is given by the time/bp). This lesion integral activity can be considered a measure of the count statistic or count density (counts/ml) [ 16 ]. A linear regression model was used for the LAFOV integral activity as a function of total acquisition duration, to calculate an equivalent scan time to yield equal integral lesion activity on the SAFOV, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Study flowchart showing patient recruitment, total patients included and excluded ml (where activities were decay corrected to time of injection) and T LM is the acquisition duration in seconds (s), where scan acquisition duration is given by the time/bp). This lesion integral activity can be considered a measure of the count statistic or count density (counts/ml) [16]. A linear regression model was used for the LAFOV integral activity as a function of total acquisition duration, to calculate an equivalent scan time to yield equal integral lesion activity on the SAFOV, i.e.…”

Section: Image Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical performance of long axial field of view PET/CT: a head-to-head intra-individual comparison of the Biograph Vision Quadra with the Biograph Vision PET/CT

Alberts

Hünermund

Prenosil

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose To investigate the performance of the new long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT and a standard axial field-of-view (SAFOV) Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT (both: Siemens Healthineers) system using an intra-patient comparison. Methods Forty-four patients undergoing routine oncological PET/CT were prospectively included and underwent a same-day dual-scanning protocol following a single administration of either 18F-FDG (n = 20), 18F-PSMA-1007 (n = 16) or 68Ga-DOTA-TOC (n = 8). Half the patients first received a clinically routine examination on the SAFOV (FOVaxial 26.3 cm) in continuous bed motion and then immediately afterwards on the LAFOV system (10-min acquisition in list mode, FOVaxial 106 cm); the second half underwent scanning in the reverse order. Comparisons between the LAFOV at different emulated scan times (by rebinning list mode data) and the SAFOV were made for target lesion integral activity, signal to noise (SNR), target lesion to background ratio (TBR) and visual image quality. Results Equivalent target lesion integral activity to the SAFOV acquisitions (16-min duration for a 106 cm FOV) were obtained on the LAFOV in 1.63 ± 0.19 min (mean ± standard error). Equivalent SNR was obtained by 1.82 ± 1.00 min LAFOV acquisitions. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in TBR were observed even for 0.5 min LAFOV examinations. Subjective image quality rated by two physicians confirmed the 10 min LAFOV to be of the highest quality, with equivalence between the LAFOV and the SAFOV at 1.8 ± 0.85 min. By analogy, if the LAFOV scans were maintained at 10 min, proportional reductions in applied radiopharmaceutical could obtain equivalent lesion integral activity for activities under 40 MBq and equivalent doses for the PET component of <1 mSv. Conclusion Improved image quality, lesion quantification and SNR resulting from higher sensitivity were demonstrated for an LAFOV system in a head-to-head comparison under clinical conditions. The LAFOV system could deliver images of comparable quality and lesion quantification in under 2 min, compared to routine SAFOV acquisition (16 min for equivalent FOV coverage). Alternatively, the LAFOV system could allow for low-dose examination protocols. Shorter LAFOV acquisitions (0.5 min), while of lower visual quality and SNR, were of adequate quality with respect to target lesion identification, suggesting that ultra-fast or low-dose acquisitions can be acceptable in selected settings.

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“…Images were rated by both readers according to subjective image quality rated on a 5-point Likert scale: (1) very poor; (2) poor; (3) acceptable; (4) very good; (5) excellent. Lesion uptake was measured in terms of SUV peak [19], which has been shown to be a more reliable parameter irrespective of acquisition time than SUV max [20]. The background was defined as the SUV mean of a background volume of interest (VOI) placed in a reference region of healthy liver tissue, where SUV mean was shown to be the most reliable parameter for liver [11,19].…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of late acquisition [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using a long axial field-of-view PET/CT scanner for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer—first clinical experiences

Alberts

Prenosil

Mingels

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose While acquisition of images in [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 following longer uptake times can improve lesion uptake and contrast, resultant imaging quality and count statistics are limited by the isotope’s half-life (68 min). Here, we present a series of cases demonstrating that when performed using a long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT system, late imaging is feasible and can even provide improved image quality compared to regular acquisitions. Methods In this retrospective case series, we report our initial experiences with 10 patients who underwent standard imaging at 1 h p.i. following administration of 192 ± 36 MBq [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 with additional late imaging performed at 4 h p.i. Images were acquired in a single bed position for 6 min at 1 h p.i. and 16 min p.i. at 4 h p.i. using a LAFOV scanner (106 cm axial FOV). Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians reviewed all scans in consensus and evaluated overall image quality (5-point Likert scale), lesion uptake in terms of standardised uptake values (SUV), tumour to background ratio (TBR) and target-lesion signal to background noise (SNR). Results Subjective image quality as rated on a 5-point Likert scale was only modestly lower for late acquisitions (4.2/5 at 4 h p.i.; 5/5 1 h p.i.), TBR was significantly improved (4 h: 3.41 vs 1 h: 1.93, p < 0.001) and SNR was improved with borderline significance (4 h: 33.02 vs 1 h: 24.80, p = 0.062) at later imaging. Images were obtained with total acquisition times comparable to routine examinations on standard axial FOV scanners. Conclusion Late acquisition in tandem with a LAFOV PET/CT resulted in improvements in TBR and SNR and was associated with only modest impairment in subjective visual imaging quality. These data show that later acquisition times for [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 may be preferable when performed on LAFOV systems.

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Towards guidelines to harmonize textural features in PET: Haralick textural features vary with image noise, but exposure-invariant domains enable comparable PET radiomics

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Digital PET/CT allows for shorter acquisition protocols or reduced radiopharmaceutical dose in [18F]-FDG PET/CT

Digital PET/CT allows for shorter acquisition protocols or reduced radiopharmaceutical dose in [18F]-FDG PET/CT

Clinical performance of long axial field of view PET/CT: a head-to-head intra-individual comparison of the Biograph Vision Quadra with the Biograph Vision PET/CT

Feasibility of late acquisition [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using a long axial field-of-view PET/CT scanner for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer—first clinical experiences

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