Towards High‐Throughput Cell Mechanics Assays for Research and Clinical Applications

Myers, David R.; Fletcher, Daniel A.; Lam, Wilbur A.

doi:10.1002/9781118482568.ch10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…( b ) Endothelial cells strongly respond to shear stress, changing morphologically and with altered signaling pathways related to growth factors, coagulation, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, cell division, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and permeability. Panel b adapted from Reference 118 . ( c ) A low hematocrity (0.15) simulation illustrates the Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect and unique noncontinuum flow physics governing the microvasculature.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularized Microfluidics and Their Untapped Potential for Discovery in Diseases of the Microvasculature

Myers

Lam

2021

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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Microengineering advances have enabled the development of perfusable, endothelialized models of the microvasculature that recapitulate the unique biological and biophysical conditions of the microcirculation in vivo. Indeed, at that size scale (<100 μm)—where blood no longer behaves as a simple continuum fluid; blood cells approximate the size of the vessels themselves; and complex interactions among blood cells, plasma molecules, and the endothelium constantly ensue—vascularized microfluidics are ideal tools to investigate these microvascular phenomena. Moreover, perfusable, endothelialized microfluidics offer unique opportunities for investigating microvascular diseases by enabling systematic dissection of both the blood and vascular components of the pathophysiology at hand. We review ( a) the state of the art in microvascular devices and ( b) the myriad of microvascular diseases and pressing challenges. The engineering community has unique opportunities to innovate with new microvascular devices and to partner with biomedical researchers to usher in a new era of understanding and discovery of microvascular diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 23 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularized Microfluidics and Their Untapped Potential for Discovery in Diseases of the Microvasculature

Myers

Lam

2021

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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“…It has also been used to approximate the gel point or clotting time by determining the time at which the storage modulus (G′) becomes finite. 17,[46][47][48] Rheometers including the ability to measure forces generated by the sample have found a link between platelet contractile force and the bulk plasma clot elastic modulus, 27 although the extent and exact mechanism is still unknown. Some research has suggested that clot elastic properties are influenced by platelets synergistically by modifying the fibrin orientation and by applying tension to the fibrin strands.…”

Section: Rheometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeling the Force: Measurements of Platelet Contraction and Their Diagnostic Implications

Williams

Oshinowo

Ravindran

et al. 2018

Semin Thromb Hemost

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In addition to the classical biological and biochemical framework, blood clots can also be considered as active biomaterials composed of dynamically contracting platelets, nascent polymeric fibrin that functions as a matrix scaffold, and entrapped blood cells. As platelets sense, rearrange, and apply forces to the surrounding microenvironment, they dramatically change the material properties of the nascent clot, increasing its stiffness by an order of magnitude. Hence, the mechanical properties of blood clots are intricately tied to the forces applied by individual platelets. Research has also shown that the pathophysiological changes in clot mechanical properties are associated with bleeding and clotting disorders, cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and more. By approaching the study of hemostasis and thrombosis from a biophysical and mechanical perspective, important insights have been made into how the mechanics of clotting and the forces applied by platelets are linked to various diseases. This review will familiarize the reader with a mechanics framework that is contextualized with relevant biology. The review also includes a discussion of relevant tools used to study platelet forces either directly or indirectly, and finally, concludes with a summary of potential links between clotting forces and disease.

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Towards High‐Throughput Cell Mechanics Assays for Research and Clinical Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 169 publications

Vascularized Microfluidics and Their Untapped Potential for Discovery in Diseases of the Microvasculature

Vascularized Microfluidics and Their Untapped Potential for Discovery in Diseases of the Microvasculature

Feeling the Force: Measurements of Platelet Contraction and Their Diagnostic Implications

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