Towards high throughput plasma based water purifiers: design considerations and the pathway towards practical application

Foster, John E.; Mujovic, Selman; Groele, Joseph; Blankson, Isaiah M.

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aac816

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…To design a plasma device, parameters such as the device output, device lifetime, operation volume, known toxicities of the ingredients, and pre-and post-remedy demands should be considered [45]. One of the major benefits of increasing the scale of plasma devices from the laboratory scale to the industrial scale is that the size of the of plasma-liquid interface can be increased [96]. The most effective devices for water treatment are those that expose thin layers of the liquid to plasma because the plasma-liquid interface determines the treatable throughput.…”

Section: Water Sterilization and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…benefits of increasing the scale of plasma devices from the laboratory scale to the industrial scale is that the size of the of plasma-liquid interface can be increased [96]. The most effective devices for water treatment are those that expose thin layers of the liquid to plasma because the plasma-liquid interface determines the treatable throughput.…”

Section: Water Sterilization and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Applications of Non-Thermal Plasma for Water Purification, Bio-Sterilization, and Decontamination

et al. 2021

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Various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are accompanied by electrons, ultra-violet (UV) radiation, ions, photons, and electric fields in non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Plasma technology is already used in diverse fields, such as biomedicine, dentistry, agriculture, ozone generation, chemical synthesis, surface treatment, and coating. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is also considered a promising technology in environmental pollution control. The degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants will be massively advanced by plasma-generated reactive species. Various investigations on the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma technology for organic wastewater purification have already been performed, and advancements are continuing to be made in this area. This work provides a critical review of the ongoing improvements related to the use of non-thermal plasma in wastewater control and outlines the operational principle, standards, parameters, and boundaries with a special focus on the degradation of organic compounds in wastewater treatment.

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Section: Water Sterilization and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Sterilization and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Applications of Non-Thermal Plasma for Water Purification, Bio-Sterilization, and Decontamination

et al. 2021

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“…Residence time and the liquid film thickness are important parameters with significant effects on maximizing the plasma-liquid interfacial area and mass transfer of plasma induced species into the bulk of the liquid [15,40]. Highly reactive species have inherently short lifetimes, hence they do not have much time to migrate into the liquid being treated and react as desired with the contaminants in the sample.…”

Section: Film Thickness and Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Reactor for Water Treatment

Patinglag

Sawtell

Iles

et al. 2019

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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A dielectric barrier discharge microfluidic plasma reactor, operated at atmospheric pressure, was studied for its potential to treat organic contaminants in water. Microfluidic technology represents a compelling approach for plasma-based water treatment due to inherent characteristics such as a large surface-area-to-volume ratio and flow control, in inexpensive and portable devices. The microfluidic device in this work incorporated a dielectric barrier discharge generated in a continuous gas flow stream of a two-phase annular flow regime in the microchannels of the device. Methylene blue in solution was used to investigate plasma induced degradation of dissolved organic compounds within the microfluidic device. The relative degradation rates of methylene blue were influenced by the residence time of the sample solution in the discharge zone, type of gas applied, channel depth and flow rate. Increasing the residence time inside the plasma region led to higher levels of degradation. Oxygen was found to be the most effective gas, with the spectra obtained using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy indicating the most significant degradation. By reducing the channel depth from 100 to 50 µm, the best results were obtained, achieving a greater than 97% level of methylene blue degradation. The microfluidic system presented here demonstrates proof-of-concept that plasma technology can be utilised as an advanced oxidation process for water treatment, with the potential to eliminate water treatment consumables such as filters and disinfectants.

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“…The efficiency of NTP reactors is mainly relevant to the efficiency of mass transfer between gas and liquid phases. A packed water jet bed plasma reactor was put forward by Foster et al [11] to maximize the plasma contact area with the water. The parallel operation of multiple plasma jets or packed bed arrays of water streams are potential solutions to the scale-up problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Methylene Blue via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment

Xie

et al. 2019

Water

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The degradation of methylene blue (MB) using an upgraded dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor was investigated in this paper. Air plasma was generated in the glass bead packed bed in the reactor, which was propagated into MB solution through a microporous diffuser plate. Microdischarge phenomenon can be observed on the interface of MB solution and the diffuser plate, where plasma active species were generated. The effects of air flow rate, initial solution concentration, initial solution pH, and initial solution conductivity on MB degradation were examined. Experimental results indicated that the proposed plasma reactor was effective for MB degradation. No obvious change in MB degradation efficiency was obtained for solution with various initial pH and conductivities, which suggested the potential of the reactor in actual wastewater treatment. The possible mechanism of the generation of plasma active species for MB degradation was proposed. In addition, the total organic carbon removal and chemical oxidation demand removal after 30 min treatment were 38.5% and 48.3%, which was higher than that obtained by ozone. The energy yield for MB degradation reached up to 9.3 g/kWh. Finally, a possible degradation pathway of MB solution was proposed.agents. As a promising plasma discharge mode, non-thermal plasma (NTP) technique can be utilized to degrade pollutants in wastewater at atmospheric pressure and room temperature with lower input energy than thermal plasma [8]. The typical NTP discharge in, and in contact with, liquids can be divided into three parts, namely, direct discharge in liquids, discharge in gas phase over a liquid, and discharge in multiphase environment such as bubbles or foams inside liquids [7].For discharge in gas phase over a liquid, the gas breakdown occurs in the gap between liquid and high voltage plate. Thus, plasma active species and high energy electrons are generated and then transferred into liquids to react with organic compound [9,10]. The efficiency of NTP reactors is mainly relevant to the efficiency of mass transfer between gas and liquid phases. A packed water jet bed plasma reactor was put forward by Foster et al. [11] to maximize the plasma contact area with the water. The parallel operation of multiple plasma jets or packed bed arrays of water streams are potential solutions to the scale-up problem. Tichonovas et al. [4] and Li et al. [12] proposed a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor and a gas-liquid plasma reactor, respectively. In their reactors, the gas was sent into the discharge zone, with plasma generated and dispersed into liquid phase by porous ceramic diffusers. This process can increase the efficiency of mass transfer of active species into liquid, resulting in enhanced degradation efficiency. However, the active species diffused into liquid are mostly ozone since the other active radicals dissipate during diffusion process due to their short lifetime [13]. Thus, the mineralization of contaminants in wastewater is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it ...

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Towards high throughput plasma based water purifiers: design considerations and the pathway towards practical application

Cited by 65 publications

References 84 publications

Recent Progress in Applications of Non-Thermal Plasma for Water Purification, Bio-Sterilization, and Decontamination

Recent Progress in Applications of Non-Thermal Plasma for Water Purification, Bio-Sterilization, and Decontamination

A Microfluidic Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Reactor for Water Treatment

Degradation of Methylene Blue via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment

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